REVIEW published: 05 December 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00722 Edited by: Laura Lorenzoni, University of South Florida, United States Reviewed by: Scott Doney, University of Virginia, United States Sennai Habtes, University of the Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands *Correspondence: Véronique Garçon veronique.garcon@legos.obs-mip.fr Johannes Karstensen jkarstensen@geomar.de Specialty section: This article was submitted to Ocean Observation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Marine Science Received: 15 November 2018 Accepted: 07 November 2019 Published: 05 December 2019 Citation: Garçon V, Karstensen J, Palacz A, Telszewski M, Aparco Lara T, Breitburg D, Chavez F, Coelho P, Cornejo-D’Ottone M, Santos C, Fiedler B, Gallo ND, Grégoire M, Gutierrez D, Hernandez-Ayon M, Isensee K, Koslow T, Levin L, Marsac F, Maske H, Mbaye BC, Montes I, Naqvi W, Pearlman J, Pinto E, Pitcher G, Pizarro O, Rose K, Shenoy D, Van der Plas A, Vito MR and Weng K (2019) Multidisciplinary Observing in the World Ocean’s Oxygen Minimum Zone Regions: From Climate to Fish — The VOICE Initiative. Front. Mar. Sci. 6:722. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00722 Multidisciplinary Observing in the World Ocean’s Oxygen Minimum Zone Regions: From Climate to Fish — The VOICE Initiative Véronique Garçon 1 * , Johannes Karstensen 2 * , Artur Palacz 3 , Maciej Telszewski 3 , Tony Aparco Lara 4 , Denise Breitburg 5 , Francisco Chavez 6 , Paulo Coelho 7 , Marcela Cornejo-D’Ottone 8 , Carmen Santos 9 , Björn Fiedler 2 , Natalya D. Gallo 10,11 , Marilaure Grégoire 12 , Dimitri Gutierrez 13,14 , Martin Hernandez-Ayon 15 , Kirsten Isensee 16 , Tony Koslow 10 , Lisa Levin 10,11 , Francis Marsac 17 , Helmut Maske 18 , Baye C. Mbaye 19 , Ivonne Montes 20 , Wajih Naqvi 21 , Jay Pearlman 22 , Edwin Pinto 23 , Grant Pitcher 24,25 , Oscar Pizarro 26,27 , Kenneth Rose 28 , Damodar Shenoy 29 , Anja Van der Plas 30 , Melo R. Vito 31 and Kevin Weng 32 1 CNRS/Laboratoire d’Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse, France, 2 GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 3 International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Institute of Oceanology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland, 4 Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, 5 Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, United States, 6 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United States, 7 Instituto Nacional de Investigação Pesqueira e Marinha, Luanda, Angola, 8 Escuela de Ciencias del Mar and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile, 9 Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola, 10 Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, 11 Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, 12 Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, Faculty of Sciences, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium, 13 Dirección General de Investigaciones Oceanográficas y de Cambio Climático, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Callao, Peru, 14 Programa de Maestría de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, 15 Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico, 16 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 17 UMR 9190 Centre pour la Biodiversité Marine, l’Exploitation et la Conservation (MARBEC), IRD, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Sète, France, 18 Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico, 19 Laboratory of Atmospheric and Ocean Physics, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal, 20 Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Lima, Peru, 21 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, 22 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers France, Paris, France, 23 Instituto Oceanografico de la Armada del Ecuador, Base Naval Sur, Instituto Oceanografico, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 24 Fisheries Research and Development, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa, 25 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 26 Department of Geophysics, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile, 27 Millennium Institute of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile, 28 Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, United States, 29 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, India, 30 Subdivision Environment, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Swakopmund, Namibia, 31 Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP), Mindelo, Cape Verde, 32 Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, United States Multidisciplinary ocean observing activities provide critical ocean information to satisfy ever-changing socioeconomic needs and require coordinated implementation. The upper oxycline (transition between high and low oxygen waters) is fundamentally important for the ecosystem structure and can be a useful proxy for multiple observing objectives connected to eastern boundary systems (EBSs) that neighbor oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The variability of the oxycline and its impact on the ecosystem (VOICE) initiative demonstrates how societal benefits drive the need for integration and optimization of biological, biogeochemical, and physical components of regional ocean observing related to EBS. In liaison with the Global Ocean Oxygen Network, Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 December 2019 | Volume 6 | Article 722