Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, October-December 2020, Vol. 14, No. 4 169 Comparative Histomorphological Study of Kidneys in Pigeon (Columba livia) and Starling Birds (Sturnus valguris) Suhaib A. H. AL-Taai 1 , Riyadh H. Nasif 1 1 Lect., Department of Anatomy & Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Baghdad/Iraq Abstract This paper is focXsed application on the histomorphological and morphometrical differences of the Nidneys of two species Sturnus valguris and &olumba livia  belong to different orders varied in climate. 2Xr stXdy Xsed 0 birds divided into two eTXal groXps ｿrst was 15 starling birds Sturnus valguris and the second groXp consisted of 15 pigeon Columba livia. The cXrrent stXdy showed morphological resXlts of Nidneys in both birds where appeared differences between Nidneys. ,n starlingｶs Nidney was described sTXare shape with fXsed left and right Nidneys either pigeonｶs Nidney was divided in to three lobes cranial middle and caXdal with elongatedliNe. The present stXdy was revealed 0ean measXrements. The stXdy recorded length of starlingｶs Nidney was 4.4±0.12cm while weight and volXme were recorded .5±0.05g and 2.28m±0.04cmñ respectively while in pigeon was Nidney length 5.45±0.12cm, weight of Nidney was 4.85±0.02g and volXme aboXt 2.21±0.06cmñ. 0icroscopic resXlts were inclXded in two species the renal corte[ which made Xp the maMority of the Nidney while small region of Nidney called medXlla. 2Xr stXdy was different impatience between starlingｶs bird and pigeon Nidney aboXt renal corpXscles where the stXdy showed the bowmanｶs space in starling bird was wide from pigeon. The stXdy observed signiｿcant statistics analysis. 0ean measXrement was 10.64±0.02m and 8.65±0.04m in bowmanｶs space while mean of the glomerXlXs capillaries and renal corpXscles of pigeon was a larger than starlingｶs bird 4.54±0.11m 26.60±0.12m56.55±0.12m and .41±0.11m respectively. Also the present worN was recorded signiｿcant statistics analysis dXring calcXlation the nXmber of renal corpXscles in 1 mmð in starling bird Nidney was more than that in the Nidney of pigeon 20.25 ± 0.2m and 16.42 ± 0.01m. Key words: starling, pigeon, bird, kidney, histology, comparison Corresponding author: Suhaib A. H. AL-Taai dr.sXhaibaltaai#gmail.com Introduction There are more than 855 faction of the birds distribXtion aroXnd the world. These are birds different in strain order and natXre of the diet >1@ . The starling birds 6WXUQXVYDOJXULV are considered a seasonal birds dXring winter while the pigeon columba livia are domestica birds in ,raT and other coXntries along year >2@ . The Nidneys are important organ inside the living organism dXring mammalians birds and ｿsh and which have been many fXnctions for the maintaining of continXance life the Nidneys do not affect natXre of e[ternal factors sXch as the environment by providing a balance the body ﾀXids dXring parts of nephrons homeostasis osmolality ionic content p+ and ｿnally ridding of metabolic waste materials oXtside the body >@ . The birds are probably affected dXe to climatic condition for semi desert areas may lead to adaption characteristics of these birds >4@ . Anatomically the Nidneys of birds inclXde left and right Nidneys which are located symmetrically in pelvic region one on either side of the vertebral colXmn >5@ . *enerally the Nidneys shape of avian are different from bird to other bird according to Nind or strain there are three lobes division into cranial middle and caXdal dXring left and right Nidney >6 and@ . +istologically the Nidney of birds have been nephrons are dividing into cortical reptilian type