Eudragit S (Methyl Methacrylate Methacrylic Acid
Copolymer)/Fatty Acid Blends as Form-Stable Phase
Change Material for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage
Ahmet Sari,
1
Cemil Alkan,
1
Ugur Kolemen,
2
Orhan Uzun
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Gaziosmanpas ˛a University, 60240 Tokat, Turkey
2
Department of Physics, Gaziosmanpas ˛a University, 60240 Tokat, Turkey
Received 4 August 2005; accepted 8 October 2005
DOI 10.1002/app.23478
Published online 27 April 2006 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).
ABSTRACT: By composing (Eudragit S) with fatty acids
(stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), and myristic acid
(MA)), form-stable phase change materials (PCMs), which
can retain the same shape in a solid state even when the
temperature of the PCMs is over the melting points of the
fatty acids, are prepared. The compatibility of fatty acids
with the Eudragit S is proved by microscopic investigation
and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The melting and crystal-
lization temperatures and the latent heats of melting and
crystallization of the form-stable PCMs are measured by
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) method. The max-
imum mass percentage of all fatty acids in the form-stable
PCMs is found as 70%, and no leakage of fatty acid is
observed at the temperature range of 50 –70°C for several
heating cycles. Thermal properties obtained from the DSC
analysis indicate that the Eudragit S/fatty acid blends as
form-stable PCM have great potential for passive solar latent
heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) applications in terms
of their satisfactory thermal properties and utility advan-
tage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101:
1402–1406, 2006
Key words: form-stable; Eudragit S; myristic; palmitic and
stearic acids; LHTES; polymer-based PCM; DSC analysis;
FTIR spectroscopy
INTRODUCTION
Thermal energy can be stored as a change in internal
energy of a material as sensible heat, latent heat, and
thermochemical heat, or as a combination of these.
Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) is based
on the heat absorption or release when a storage ma-
terial undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid or
liquid to gas or vice versa. Solid–liquid transition of
phase change materials (PCMs) has proved to be eco-
nomically attractive for use in thermal energy storage
systems. PCMs themselves cannot serve as a heat
transfer medium. Heat transfer mediums with a heat
exchanger are required to transfer energy from the
source to the PCM and from the PCM to the load.
Therefore, designing of the heat exchanger is an im-
portant part for improving heat transfer in latent heat
storage systems. PCMs also have positive volumetric
expansion on melting, so, volume design of the con-
tainers is also necessary, which should be compatible
with the PCM used.
1–3
A great variety of PCMs such as salt hydrates, par-
affins, nonparaffin organic compounds and their mix-
tures for latent heat thermal energy storage systems
have been investigated.
1–5
The fatty acids in the class
of nonparaffin organic compounds have superior
properties over the other PCM groups, such as con-
gruent melting and cooling, high latent heat of fusion,
self-nucleating behavior, ready availability, nontoxic-
ity, nonflammability, noncorrosive, small expansivity
during solid–liquid phase change, and good thermal
and chemical stability after a large number of acceler-
ated thermal (melt/freeze) cycles.
4–8
However, the
fatty acids cost more than the other PCMs on a bulk
basis, but they are cheaper to package, so the final
module costs are comparable.
In recent years, there has been growing interest in
developing the polymer-based PCMs as new type of
latent heat thermal energy storage materials for pas-
sive solar LHTES systems. Advantages the of poly-
mer-based PCMs are as follows: (1) such a type of
PCM can retain the similar shape in a solid state even
when the temperature of the blend is over the melting
point of the PCM; therefore, it is called as form-stable
PCM; (2) they do not require any capsulation; thus,
not only the encapsulation problem of PCM is solved,
but also heat resistance caused by capsule shell of
PCM is disappeared by using this kind of form-stable
PCM; (3) because they contact with the heat transfer
medium in a LHTES system directly, they are cost-
effective; (4) they are easily prepared with desirable
Correspondence to: C. Alkan (cemilalkan@gop.edu.tr).
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 101, 1402–1406 (2006)
© 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.