International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 05 | May 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1054 A Survey Paper on Intelligent Traffic Lights Aniket Chauhan 1 , Omkar Chorge 2 , Riddhi Chaudhari 3 , Dr. Kishor T Patil 4 1-3 Students, Dept. of Computer Science, Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. 4 Professor, Dept. of Computer Science, Smt. Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - As the steady increase in number of vehicles on the road has amplified the prominence of managing traffic flow efficiently to optimize utilization of existing road capacity and many other problems such as high fuel consumption, high rate of carbon dioxide emission and most commonly traffic congestion which further leads to delay in travel time. So, there is a need of Intelligent control of traffic signal timing sequence. To this, Artificial Intelligence can play major role in solving the traffic congestion problem by using various techniques. In this paper, we have studied and presented a brief review on few of these techniques, which focuses on solving traffic congestion problem and prioritizing emergency vehicle towards their destination. The main objective of this paper is to find and study related works and algorithms to actuate the traffic lights in real-time scenarios with AI. Also, we studied and figured out some drawbacks for each technique and mentioned in this paper. Key Words: Fuzzy Expert Systems, Reinforcement Learning, Computer Vision, RFID. 1.INTRODUCTION Traffic control is a topic of conversation with increasing number of vehicles on the road, it has become more prominent to control traffic signals, in-order to maintain a sustainable flow of traffic. Due to this, it is essential to optimize the critical issues like High fuel consumption, insufficient capacity of the road, environment concerns (CO2 emission), transportation costs, addition in travel time and increase propensity to break traffic laws. Traffic jams are not only the root cause for delays and stress to the drivers, but also creates an obstruction for the emergency vehicles to reach their desired destination in time. Traffic congestion during the peak hours in four metropolitan cities in India – Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Bengaluru nearly cost the economy ₹ 1.47 Lakh Crore annually, according to survey conducted by Boston Consulting Group in 2018 [1]. Improving traffic conditions could improve economy, increase city efficiency, and ease people’s daily life. Nowadays, the most common traffic control systems used In India are physical controlling, pre-set traffic signals, and electronic sensors control system. Physical controlling, as the name suggests it requires manpower to control traffic throughput. The traffic police are allotted to respective signal intersections to maintain a smooth traffic flow. By manual operation of switching traffic signals in each phase. This type of control system has a big drawback, as it requires a lot of manpower to regulate the traffic flow. Another system, pre-set traffic signals, operate on a fixed time cycle, by automatically switching traffic lights to a different phase based on pre-set timer value. The drawback for this, it does not adapt to the real-time traffic conditions on the road and works in fixed time. Electronic sensors control system, some loop detectors or proximity sensors are embedded on the intersections. These sensors provide the data of the traffic and based on that data; the traffic lights are actuated. The data obtained by sensors are less reliable as the sensors may detect any other object instead of a vehicle. Thus, the accuracy becomes low in case of sensors being used and it is expensive to implement and has a high maintenance cost. These types of conventional traffic control systems are not designed to worked with the real-time traffic conditions and cannot give a real-time adaptive traffic result. However, the rules of these conventional traffic control systems are pre-defined and cannot be adjusted dynamically with the respect to real- time traffic conditions. To dynamically adjust the traffic signals according to real- time traffic conditions, people started using Artificial Intelligence. AI appears to be much reliable when it comes to solving traffic congestion problems. Many AI approaches such as, Fuzzy expert System, Intelligent Agents, Reinforcement Learning, Computer Vision, can be implemented to tackle the traffic congestion problem. The structure of this paper is as follows: section 2 reviews related work using artificial intelligence techniques, section 3 studies the technologies of electronic sensors, which gives the data of real-time traffic conditions. the conclusion to this paper is presented in section 4. 2. ITL USING AI TECHNIQUES In this section, we will go through different research studies on Intelligent Traffic Lights scheduling which uses the following artificial intelligence techniques.