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The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment
September 2012, Vol. 11(2)
© 2012 Time Taylor Academic Journals ISSN 2094-0734
Nonclinical Correlates of the MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales using the Adjective
Check List
Gretchen A. Hoffman
University of Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD
Dale R. Pietrzak
University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
Abstract
Despite a clinical heritage, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1940) and the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom,
Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) have emerged among the leading
personality tests used with nonclinical populations (Anastasi & Urbina, 1997).
Although the MMPI-2 is routinely used with individuals who are not mental health
clients or patients, this dimension of nonclinical test takers has received little
research attention (Graham, 2000). The MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales are
particularly well suited for this population given they target both psychological
strengths and psychopathological concerns. Nevertheless, there is a relative dearth
of research attention devoted to the MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales in nonclinical
settings (Graham, Ben-Porath, & McNulty, 1999). The purpose of this study was to
add to the empirical foundation of the MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales in an effort
to better understand the utility of these scales with a nonclinical population who
denied current involvement in psychotherapy.The sample was derived from
Northeast Ohio and consisted of 285 nonclinical adults (113 males and 172
females) who denied current involvement in psychotherapy and ranged in age from
18 to 83. The Adjective Check List (ACL; Gough &Heilbrun, 1983) served as the
criterion measure. Significant Pearson radjectival and scale correlations were
obtained for each Supplementary Scale using the individual adjectives and Need
Scales of the ACL. Logistic regression located the ACL scale(s) that significantly
discriminated individuals with elevated scores from other test takers. As a result,
descriptors for high scorers were constructed for each MMPI-2 Supplementary
Scale. The correlates derivedwere generally consistent with past findings reported
acrossclinical and nonclinical settings.
Keywords: MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales; nonclinical; correlate
Introduction
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway &
McKinley, 1940) is one of the most popular and widely researched psychological
tests in history (Anastasi&Urbina, 1997; Friedman, Webb, & Lewak, 1989; Lanyon
& Goodstein, 1997; Lees-Haley, Smith, Williams, & Dunn, 1996; Lubin, Larsen,
Matarazzo, &Seever, 1985; Piotrowski& Keller, 1992). Although originally designed
to serve as an efficient tool in the diagnosis of psychopathology, it was soon