Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2 (2): 104 – 105 http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/journal/4 Rashid et al (2014). Use of Cymelarsan® and Manganese Chloride for Treatment of the Canine Trypanosomiasis 104 ISSN: 2307–8316 (Online); ISSN: 2309–3331 (Print) Case Report Imaad Rashid 1 , Sehrish Firyal 2 , Arslan Tariq 3* , Ghulam Muhammad 1 , Muhammad Saqib 1 , Muhammad Shoaib Zafar 4 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 2 Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; 3 Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan *Corresponding author: dr.arslantariq3418@live.com ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received: Revised: Accepted: 2013–27–12 2014–01–06 2014–01–07 The present report describes a case of Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) in a 5 months old male bulldog pup weighing 13 kg. Clinical signs included a moderate fever (39.6 o C), pulse (140 beats/min) and an accelerated respiration rate (45/min; normal 10–30/min), anemia, watery eyes and dehydration. Microscopic examination of wet blood films revealed an extremely large number of trypo-mastigotes and thin blood smears stained with Dip Quick™ stain revealed a large numbers of trypanosomes with a characteristic flagellum, kinetoplast and undulating membrane. The pup was treated with 4 mg Cymelarsan® (Rhone Meriux, France) powder dissolved in 3 ml distilled water and administered by deep intramuscular injection once and oral administration of 100 mg manganese chloride dissolved in 10 ml water daily for 5 days. Wet blood films and Dip Quick ™ stained blood smears were negative for trypanosomes on day 3, 7, and 14 of post treatment and all vital parameters returned to normal on day–4 post–medication. All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers Key Words: Canine, Trypanosoma evansi (Surra), Dip Quick™ stain, Cymelarsan®, Manganese chloride, ARTICLE CITATION: Rashid I, Firyal S, Tariq A, Muhammad G, Saqib M and Zafar MS (2014). Use of Cymelarsan ® and Manganese Chloride for Treatment of the Canine Trypanosomiasis (Surra): A Research report. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2 (2): 104 – 105. Surra is a protozoan disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi that affects a wide variety of mammalian hosts. Several reports have described the occurrence of surra in adult dogs (Rashid et al., 2008; Eloy and Lucheis, 2009; Defontis et al., 2012). However, as far as could be ascertained, documentation of treatment of this disease in pups doesn’t exist. The present report describes surra in a 5–month old bulldog male pup and subsequent treatment. A 5–month old bulldog male pup weighing about 13 kg was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Presenting complaint included episodes of recurrent fever for the last one month, in- appetence and a considerable weight loss. Prior to referral, the subject had been treated with various antibiotics/antipyretics but the condition remained unresponsive. Clinical examination revealed a moderate fever (39.6 o C), pulse (140 beats / min) and an accelerated respiration rate (45/min; normal 10–30/min). The mucous membranes were anemic. Eyes were watery. Capillary refill time, as noted from gingival mucous membrane, was 3 seconds. Fecal examination was negative for endo–parasites. Microscopic examination of wet blood films revealed an astronomical number of motile trypanosomes (Is it possible to present a figure?). Microscopic examination of thin blood smears stained with Dip Quick™ stain (Jorgensen Labs. Loveland, Colorado, USA) revealed a large numbers of trypanosomes with a characteristic flagellum, kinetoplast and undulating membrane. On the basis of clinical examination and demonstration of trypanosomes, the subject pup was diagnosed as suffering from surra (Trypanosoma evansi infection). The following treatment was instituted: 1. Inj. Cymelarsan® (Bis (aminoethylino) 4– metaminophenylarsine di-hydrochloride; Rhone Meriux, France) 4 mg powder dissolved in 3 ml distilled water and administered by deep intramuscular injection. 2. The oral administration of 100 mg manganese chloride (BDH Chemicals Ltd. Poole, UK), dissolved in 10 ml water daily for 5 days. Wet blood films and Dip Quick ™ stained blood smears were negative for trypanosomes on day 3, 7, and 14 of post treatment and all vital parameters returned to normal on day–4 post–medication. In dog, surra usually follows an acute course of infection (Ravindran et al., 2008). Although in dogs, the disease is usually sporadic, outbreaks of canine trypanosomiasis have been reported from India, Brazil, Iran and South America (Herrera et al., 2004; Ian et al., 2004; Morteza et al., 2007; Umezawa et al., 2009; Eloy and Lucheis, 2009). Of the Use of Cymelarsan ® and Manganese Chloride for Treatment of the Canine Trypanosomiasis (Surra): A Research report