(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 8, 2021 542 | Page www.ijacsa.thesai.org Analysis and Optimization of Delegation-based Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) Protocol: A Kailar Logic Approach Ebrima Jaw 1 *, Wang Xue Ming 3 College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University (GZU), Guizhou, Guiyang, China 1, 3 School of Information Technology and Communication University of The Gambia (UTG) 2 Mbemba Hydara 2 School of Information Technology and Communication University of The Gambia (UTG) Greater Banjul, Serekunda, The Gambia Abstract—Accountability within electronic commerce protocols has tremendous significance, especially those that require answerability for the actions taken by participants. In this study, the authors evaluate the delegation of accountability based on the Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) protocol. The study emphasizes the concept of provability as a benchmark to formalize accountability. Moreover, this paper proposed a new framework that enables principals to delegate individual rights to other principals and how the delegator's accountability is handed over or retained, which provides the crucial functionality of tracing how accountability is distributed among principals within a system. The study provides a novel solution to accountability challenges and analysis of protocols, such as introducing novel conditions for distributing essential credentials among the grantor and the grantee and analyzing delegation-based protocols. The approach adopted will help prevent potential compromises of the integrity of online transactions. By extension, it will also serve as a best practice solution for settling legal disputes among principals. Keywords—Delegator; accountability; grantor; Kailar logic; principal; client; delegate; grantee I. INTRODUCTION The advent of cutting-edge technologies such as Big Data, Cloud Computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Web- Based Distributed applications has increased the need for electronic commerce transactions and other web-based services. Apart from revolutionizing the way business is conducted. Research has shown that companies that leverage these technologies gain massive profit margins compared to legacy systems [1]. Also, electronic commerce has progressively developed because of the rapid increase in businesses migrating to the web, which has opened up a new paradigm for computer scientists willing to dedicate their time and resources to the research, design, development, and optimization of protocols that provide security, authentication, authorization, verification, and confidentiality including accountability of internet-based commercial transactions [2], [3]. Lack of accountability among principals in any electronic transaction can introduce deception because of the prevalence of fraud and malicious activities on the internet. Consequently, this can make the electronic transaction process very unreliable. Therefore, proving accountability among principal actors deserves an equal degree of importance as offline transactions. For instance, in a data breach or privacy violation, a network administrator may delegate backup service of sensitive data to junior staff. Therefore, it will be essential for the parties to prove to a third party about their conduct for accountability purposes. The design of efficient and error-free electronic transaction protocol has been a challenging task in computer science. Computer scientists often rely on formal analysis to detect, optimize flaws and redundancies in the design and production stages. However, most analysis methods before Kailar logic deal with various entities’ beliefs and protocols. Therefore, this paper presents a formal analysis method using Kailar Logic [4]. The ability of principals to prove accountability in any electronic transactions is analyzed and evaluated, including how accountability is assured using existing protocols [5], [6]. There has been significant work on other protocols, but research on the analysis of delegation-based protocols is yet to be adequately explored. In this work, the author uses the Kailar Logic analysis method and techniques based on the Delegation-Based SPX protocol to prove accountability among participating principals. In this context, the primary objective of proving accountability and provability among participants within the protocol form the basis of the study [7]. A. Accountability Accountability in scientific journals is "the state whereby a principal is associated with an action that can be proven to a third party," wherein the third party is different from the prover and the initiator [4]. Similarly, Accountability also means a particular subject can prove to a third party that it is responsible for initiating a specific action or object. However, in this paper, the focus of Accountability is on internet transactions. How relevant principals involved in the transaction keep track of the evidence of each party. For instance, the whole transaction process should be evident or transparent to all participants [7]. Since the goal of the Kailar framework (Kailar Logic) is to provide Accountability among participants of a given Internet transaction, thus ensuring non-repudiation of the parties, which is made possible with the help of transaction records or digital *Corresponding Author