International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | February 2021 | Vol 9 | Issue 2 Page 565 International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Gokhale VS et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2021 Feb;9(2):565-568 www.msjonline.org pISSN 2320-6071 | eISSN 2320-6012 Original Research Article Diabetic nephropathy: early markers for monitoring and prevention Vijayashree S. Gokhale*, Kshithija R. Sajjan, Rupesh Parati, Keyuri Mehta INTRODUCTION According to the international diabetes federation, 592 million (1 in 10 persons) worldwide will have DM by 2035. The macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes are the culprits of high mortality and morbidity of diabetes. They include coronary artery disease, hypertension, retinopathy, end- stage renal disease, peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy. In India, there are about 69.2 million people with diabetes and are expected to cross 123.5 million by 2040. Epidemiologic studies have shown that a fifth of all diabetes patients suffer from two or more micro vascular complications. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is diagnosed when there is persistent albuminuria, increasing serum creatinine and a progressive decline in estimated GFR (eGFR) glomerular filtration rate. 20-40% of diabetic nephropathy patients will progress to End stage renal disease. Early diagnosis, treatment of modifiable risk factors, optimum glycemic control and renoprotective anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive medications may help prevent or at least postpone chronic kidney disease and renal replacement therapy. 1 Aims and objectives of the study were to study Early Nephropathy by UACR (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio), RFT (renal function test) and e-GFR in Type 2 Department of Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India Received: 10 December 2020 Accepted: 12 January 2021 *Correspondence: Dr. Vijayashree S. Gokhale, E-mail: Gokhale.vijayashree@gmail.com Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Background: Type 2 diabetes, with its complications is perpetually on the rise more so in India .Diabetic Nephropathy progresses silently, and manifests at a stage where, patient can be offered only renal replacement. This study was undertaken to detect early markers of Diabetic Nephropathy. Aims and objective of the study was to study early nephropathy by UACR (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio), RFT (renal function test) and e-GFR in Type 2 diabetic patients of more than 2 years duration, with and without hypertension. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional observational study, of 100 patients, 18-60 years of age, of type 2 Diabetes of 2 year duration and above, of which 50 were only diabetic and 50 had diabetes and hypertension. Patients who had an established renal disease were excluded from study. Results: Our study of 100 patients, 18-60 years of age, had 23 male and 77 female patients. Maximum patients were in age group 41-50 years, and 52% had diabetes of 2-4 years duration. Of the renal parameters studied, BUN was normal in 72% and S. Creatinine normal in 67%. UACR was normal in only 38%, and e-GFR was normal in 49%. Conclusions: In our study age and sex, duration of Diabetes and HbA1c did not have any bearing on renal parameters. UACR followed by e-GFR, were deranged early. UACR was more deranged in diabetics with hypertension. Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, e-GFR, Hypertension, UACR DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210443