Research Article Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Bioactive Compounds Contained in Rosmarinus officinalis Used in the Mediterranean Diet Mohammed Bourhia , 1,2 Fatima Ezzahra Laasri , 1,3 Hind Aourik, 4 Aicha Boukhris, 5 RiazUllah , 6 Ahmed Bari, 7 SyedSaeedAli, 7 MohammedElMzibri , 1 Laila Benbacer , 1 and Said Gmouh 4 1 Research Unit and Medical Biology, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Rabat 10001, Morocco 2 Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco 3 Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Environnement, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco 4 Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, University Hassan II Casablanca, B. P. 7955, Casablanca, Morocco 5 Laboratory REMTEX, Higher School of Textile and Clothing Industries, Km 8, Route d’El Jadida, Casablanca, Morocco 6 Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 7 Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMohammedBourhia;bourhiamohammed@gmail.comandRiazUllah;rullah@ksu.edu.sa Received 21 August 2019; Revised 27 September 2019; Accepted 14 October 2019; Published 16 November 2019 Academic Editor: Jamal A. Mahajna Copyright © 2019 Mohammed Bourhia et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis) is a medicinal plant called rosemary, largely used in the Mediterranean diet for many decades ago. Objective. e aim of the present study was to investigate the polyphenolic content, the antioxidant activity, and the antiproliferative effect against human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP) of carnosol and carnosic acid as bioactive compounds contained in R. officinalis growing in Morocco. Materials and Methods. Polyphenolic content of R. officinalis ethanolic extract was studied using colorimetric assay. Carnosol and carnosic acid contained in R. officinalis extract were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). e antiproliferative effect of the studied extracts on LNCaP was evaluated by WST-1 bioassay, and the antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH assay. Results. e extracts of R. officinalis showed an important polyphenolic content ranging from 74.15 μg·GAE/mg to 146.63 μg·GAE/mg. e percentage of carnosol and carnosic acid in rosemary crops ranges from 11.7 to 17.3% and 1.09% to 3%, respectively. e extracts of R. officinalis exhibited a promoting antioxidant activity with IC 50 ranging from 0.236 mg/mL to 0.176 mg/mL. Regarding the antiproliferative effect, the WST-1 assay revealed that all the tested extracts reduced notably the cell viability with IC 50 values ranging from 14.15 to 15. 04 μg/mL. Conclusion. In the current work, carnosol and carnosic acid exhibit antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in a concentration-dependent manner. 1. Introduction Many people throughout the world use plants to treat diseases [1]. In Morocco, folk medicine has been spread all over the country. Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys conducted in different Moroccan areas have shown more than 500 plant species used in Moroccan alternative medicine [2]. During the last decades, great efforts were drawn to charac- terize natural products derived from plants having biological activities for combating human diseases. Numerous phyto- chemical compounds have been identified and investigated for their therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiatherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-allergic, antiviral, and antimutagenic activities [3, 4]. Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2019, Article ID 7623830, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7623830