International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Science Volume 5, Issue 7, pp. 89-92, 2021. ISSN (Online): 2456-7361 89 http://ijses.com/ All rights reserved Effect of CURB-65 Score on Length of Stay for Pneumonia Patients at Hospital Royal Prima Sadarita Sitepu 1 , Ali Napiah Nasution 2 , Ermi Girsang 3 1, 2, 3 Master Public Health Faculty of Medical, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia Abstract— Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma caused by one pathogen or co-infection with other pathogens. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate several instruments for assessing pneumonia patients. One of them reported that the SIPF (Shock Index and Hypoxemia) score could better predict the patient's need for an ICU (Intensive Care Unit) compared to CURB-65 and PSI (Pneumonia severity index). Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the CURB-65 score on the length of stay of pneumonia patients hospitalized at Royal Prima Hospital. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach in 36 patients with pneumonia at the Royal Prima General Hospital Medan in 2019. The results of this study indicate that pneumonia patients with a CURB-65 score between 3-5 have a 10.74 times risk of being hospitalized more than one week compared with patients with a CURB-65 score between 0-2, where the investigators believed 95% risk scores would be in the range 1.35-85.21 in the reachable population. So it can be concluded that the CURB-65 score can be used to predict the length of stay of pneumonia patie. Keywords— Pneumonia, Royal Prima, CURB-65, length of stay. I. INTRODUCTION Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma caused by one pathogen or co-infection with other pathogens. In the past, pneumonia was classified into Community- Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP), and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). However, as time goes by, Multiple-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pathogens are found who come to be treated at the hospital, where these pathogens tend to be found in HAP. The increasing involvement of MDR pathogens in pneumonia prompted a change in the classification from Pneumonia to CAP and Health Care-Associated Pneumonia (HCAP). HCAP is then grouped into HAP and VAP (Mandell and Wunderink, 2010; Mackenzie, 2016) World in 2016. Based on the World Health Organization / World Health Organization (WHO) data, lower respiratory infections are still deadly infectious diseases, with around 3 million deaths worldwide in 2016. Deaths from these infections are still the fatal cause of death from infectious diseases from various countries in the world. However, in developing countries, this infection is the highest cause of death, with a crude death rate of around 75 per 100,0000 population (Top 10 causes of death, 2018). In adults, pneumonia is also the single leading cause of death in children in the world. From WHO data, in 2017, as many as 808,694 children under the age of five died from pneumonia, which is 15% of all deaths of children aged under five years. Pneumonia can occur in children and their families anywhere, but the highest prevalence is found in South Asia and Sub- Saharan Africa (World Health Organization, 2019). CAP is a deadly and common infection. These infections have had a significant impact on changing health care systems around the world. The incidence of CAP in the world is quite varied. In Europe, the incidence of CAP varies considerably from 20.6/10,000 population per year in Iceland to 79.9/10,000 population per year in the UK. Meanwhile, in developed countries such as the United States, the incidence rate of CAP ranges from 24.8/10,000 population per year to 106/10,000 people per year in the adult population <65 years. Meanwhile, the incidence of CAP in the elderly 65-79 years is 63/10,000 population per year and reaches 164.3/10,000 population per year at age > 80 years. While in Asia alone, the incidence of CAP is 142.5 per 10,000 population in the Philippines, 402.5 per 10,000 population in Indonesia, and 98.8 per 10,000 population (Ferreira-Coimbra, Sarda and Rello, 2020). In addition to the high incidence and mortality, CAP also costs a lot, ranging from $9 to USD 10 (Mandell and Wunderink, 2010). HAP is a Health Care Infection (HAI) common throughout the world, with an incidence of more than 21 cases per 1,000 cases admitted to the hospital. HAP includes two subgroups, namely Nonventilator HAP (NV-HAP) and Ventilator- Associated Pneumonia (VAP). In 2011 the incidence of HAI was 21.8% (95% CI: 18.4%-25.6%), namely 157,400 infections (95% CI: 50,800-281,400), of which 60.9% of cases were found to be NV-HAP (Giuliano, Baker and Quinn, 2018). Kim et al. (2018) reported that viral infection in HCAP (13.8%) was lower than CAP (24.6%). However, the infectious agent that causes pneumonia does not affect the prognosis of pneumonia (Kim et al., 2018). Meanwhile, the prevalence of pneumonia in Indonesia is recorded by the Indonesian Ministry of Health through Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). The results to Riskesdas 2018, the majority of pneumonia diagnosed by health workers in Indonesia was 1.6 percent in 2013 and experienced an increase to 2 percent in 2018. Meanwhile, in North Sumatra, the prevalence of pneumonia based on the diagnosis of health workers was around 1 percent in 2013 and has increased to about 2.25 percent in 2018. However, the prevalence rate is lower than the prevalence of pneumonia when assessed through the diagnosis of health workers and symptoms, where the pneumonia prevalence rate in Indonesia increased to 4.5 percent in 2018; the same thing was also found in North Sumatra, where the prevalence rate also increased to 4 percent (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2019).