ISSN 2277-0852; Volume X, Issue X, pp. xxx-xxx; September, 2013
Online International Journal of Arts and Humanities
©2013 Online Research Journals
Full Length Research Article
Available Online at http://www.onlineresearchjournals.org/IJAH
Murals in Urban Space for Public Education
on Environmental Degradation
Nana Afia Opoku-Asare
Department of Art Education, College of Art and Social Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and
Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. E-mail: naopokuasare@gmail.com ; afia_asare@yahoo.co.uk .
Received 2 August, 2013 Accepted 7 September, 2013
This article reports on a mural painting project meant to document indiscriminate waste disposal,
felling of trees, burning of car tyres, and pollution of water bodies at Offinso, Ghana, as a permanent
exhibition for public education on environmental degradation. Community ownership for protecting the
murals was assured by involving local students and traders to execute three juxtaposed compositions
depicting different sources of degradation in the community’s market and a school. From initial pencil
sketching of content images through to completion of the murals, the project attracted much public
attention and offered a social platform for conversation on local government action on waste
management and sanitation in the township. Official response was the removal of piled up refuse near
the market, construction of a concrete compartment and provision of a skip to contain waste generated
from trading. Unfortunately, no official requests backed public calls to replicate the project in other
communities.
Keywords: Public education, environment, degradation, murals, urban space, Ghana.
INTRODUCTION
Societies everywhere are closely and inextricably linked
to the natural environment in which they are found.
Greater demands placed on the environment by an ever
increasing human population is putting a great strain and
drain on the earth’s limited natural resources.
Environmental degradation is a term that has been used
to describe a situation in which the natural environment is
damaged, it can also be used to refer to damage to the
land, water or the air, a loss of biodiversity or loss of
natural resources in an area [1]. Environmental
degradation, which includes depletion of renewable and
non-renewable resources and pollution of air, water and
soils, can act on social integration indirectly through the
constraints that it puts on productive activities, and also
have direct social impacts [2]. Environmental degradation
is therefore a serious threat to the lives of people,
animals and plants, which makes it imperative for action
to stop further degradation from occurring.
Causes of environmental degradation include
inappropriate land use, over-cultivation, over grazing and
pollution. Root causes of environmental degradation
include poor government policies, foreign debt and unfair
land tenure. Indiscriminate disposal and handling of
waste also lead to environmental degradation in terms of
air, water and soil pollution, and destruction of the
ecosystem, which pose great risks to public health [3].
Environmental pollution is also more than just a health
issue, it is a wider social issue in that pollution has the
potential to destroy homes and communities. This raises
concern over the impact of environmental pollution on
public health as a result of expanding human population
coupled with insufficient and inappropriate development
in both developing and developed nations. This is why
the International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction
(IDNDR) insists that environmental protection, as a
component of sustainable development, and consistent
with poverty alleviation, is imperative in the prevention
and mitigation of natural disasters [4].
Managing environmental degradation involves the
application of acquired knowledge about the environment
with the aim of reducing, conserving or preventing further
degradation which is considered the purview of
environmental science [5]. However, environmental
science is inadequate for solving the problem of
environmental degradation and pollution. Because living
in healthy environmental conditions is acknowledged as a