Research Article
An Investigation of Geography and Climate
Induced Distresses Patterns on Airfield Pavements at
US Air Force Installations
Lauren K. Sahagun,
1
Moses Karakouzian,
2
Alexander Paz,
2
and Hanns de la Fuente-Mella
3
1
United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S Maryland Parkway,
P.O. Box 454015, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
3
Facultad de Ciencias Econ´ omicas y Administrativas, Pontifcia Universidad Cat´ olica de Valpara´ ıso, Avenida Brasil 2830,
2340031 Valpara´ ıso, Chile
Correspondence should be addressed to Alexander Paz; apaz@unlv.edu
Received 10 February 2017; Revised 28 March 2017; Accepted 11 April 2017; Published 14 May 2017
Academic Editor: Francesco Marotti de Sciarra
Copyright © 2017 Lauren K. Sahagun et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Tis study investigated climate induced distresses patterns on airfeld pavements at US Air Force installations. A literature review
and surveys of Pavement Condition Index indicated that the predominant factor contributing to the development of pavement
distress was climate. Results suggested that, within each type of pavement distress, a geographic pattern exists which is strongly
correlated to conventional US climate zones. Te US Air Force Roll-Up Database, housing over 50,000 records of pavement
distress data, was distilled using a process designed to combine similar distresses while accounting for age and size of samples.
Te process reduced the data to a format that could be used to perform krig analysis and to develop pavement behavior models for
runways built with asphalt cement (AC) and Portland cement concrete (PCC). Regression and krig analyses were conducted for
each distress type to understand distress behavior among climate zones. Combined regression and krig analyses provided insight
into the overall pavement behavior for AC and PCC runways and illustrated which climate zone was more susceptible to specifc
pavement distresses. Distress behavior tends to be more severe in the eastern US for AC and in the western US for PCC runway
pavements, respectively.
1. Introduction
Te United States Air Force (USAF) contains 1.6 billion
square feet of concrete and asphalt pavement in its property
inventory across 166 installations worldwide. A part of the
inventory, airfeld pavements alone have a plant replacement
value of more than $27 billion and require millions of
dollars in annual maintenance. Te Budget Control Act,
enacted by the United States Congress in 2011, requires the
Department of Defense (DoD) to reduce its expenditures by
approximately $487 billion over the next 10 years. Tis budget
cut has forced Air Force engineers and asset managers, at all
administrative levels, to reconsider their strategic approach
to facility and infrastructure asset management [1].
Te Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) is respon-
sible for strategic and long-term pavement management at
the combined, joint, major command and installation levels
[2, 3]. To manage the Air Force pavement inventory, AFCEC
developed the Air Force Pavement Evaluation Program
(AFPEP) to determine current pavement conditions; this
program strategically allocates restoration and moderniza-
tion funds to address future pavement and mission needs
[4]. To determine each installation’s pavement condition, the
Pavement Evaluation Program obtains, compiles, and reports
pavement strength, conditions, and performance by means of
a rotation of pavement inspections, evaluations, and tests. As
a result, engineers and asset managers are able to (1) deter-
mine the operational conditions of the pavement; (2) develop
Hindawi
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2017, Article ID 8721940, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8721940