Transnational exchanges shaped religious life in Meiji (1868–1912) and
Taishō (1912–1926) Japan and Gilded Age (1865–1900) and Progressive Era
(1900–1917) America. is essay analyzes one case of cultural exchange in this
period. It focuses on Albert J. Edmunds, a British-American Buddhist sym-
pathizer, and it considers the ways that Western occult traditions, especially
Swedenborgianism, moved back and forth across the Pacific and shaped the
work of D. T. Suzuki. e article offers three conclusions. First, for his influ-
ence on Suzuki and others in Japan—he sparked Suzuki’s personal interest
in Swedenborgianism, for example—Edmunds deserves to be recognized in
scholarly narratives. Second, it is important to note the influence of Western
occult traditions on Suzuki’s work, especially between 1903 and 1924. ird,
the essay considers the implications of this case study for writing translocative
histories, and it suggests that historians reconsider the periodization and spa-
tialization of their narratives as they also reaffirm the importance of scholarly
collaboration.
keywords: D. T. Suzuki – Albert J. Edmunds – occultism – Swedenborgianism
– United States – Meiji and Taishō Japan – transnationalism
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 32/2: 249–281
© 2005 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture
omas A. Tweed
American Occultism and Japanese Buddhism
Albert J. Edmunds, D. T. Suzuki, and Translocative History
249
omas A. Tweed is Zachary Smith Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the Uni-
versity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.