Effect of Terbium Doping on the Microstructure of Fe81Al19 Alloys
Jesús Salvador Uribe-Chavira
1
, Carlos Roberto Santillán-Rodríguez
1
, Renee Joselin Sáenz-Hernández
1
,
Guillermo Manuel Herrera-Pérez
2
, José Andrés Matutes-Aquino
1
and María Cristina Grijalva-Castillo
2*
1.
Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Materials Physics Department, Chihuahua,
México.
2.
CONACYT – Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Materials Physics Department,
Chihuahua, México.
* Corresponding author: cristina.grijalva@cimav.edu.mx
Fe-Al alloys are promising, low cost, highly magnetostrictive candidates for energy harvesting applications.
In order to investigate the effect of Terbium additions on the microstructure of polycrystalline Fe81Al19Tbx
alloys, samples containing x=0-0.035 at% of Terbium were fabricated and characterized.
The alloys were fabricated by electric arc furnace melting. Each alloy was melted four times to obtain a better
homogeneity of the elements. The composition of the alloys was determined by inductively coupled plasma
optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using HCl y HF (relation 1:1) for the digestion. The structural
characterization of the alloys was carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and optic microscopy.
The atomic percentages measured for Fe and Al obtained by ICP-OES are shown in Table 1. Some Tb was
lost during melting because this process involves the application of high temperatures to an alloy whose
constituent elements have, on the one hand, a high melting point (Fe) and on the other, a low vapor pressure
(Tb), resulting in a part of the Tb evaporating [1].
The crystalline structure of the alloys fabricated, according to the Rietveld refinement of their X-ray diffraction
patterns (Figure 1), exhibits bcc A2, Fe81Al19 (space group 229) as the main phase (~80%), and two secondary
phases: ordered bcc D03, Fe3Al (space group 225), and bcc D03 Al (space group 225). These results are very
similar to those reported for polycrystalline Fe
$%
Al
(%
alloy doped with boron [2], where the boron enters on
the alloy in the form of interstitial atoms.
EDS mapping, in backscattered electrons (BSE) mode confirmed the homogeneity of the alloys. In Figure 2
can be seen that Tb was distributed across the surface of the alloy with little preferential places in the
microstructure.
The microstructure observed by optical microscopy presents a dendritically solidified matrix. Tb additions
creates a non-equilibrium microstructure that may be defined a mixture of a disordered bcc phase (A2 type)
and a ordered bcc phase (D03 type) which creates a non-equilibrium microstructure [3]. Besides, the formation
of two different types of grains in the microstructure, columnar and equiaxial, can be observed, which
contribute, respectively, to a greater and lesser preferential orientation formation in the samples (Figure 3).
This granular formation does not depend only to the amount of Tb used on the alloys, but is also related to the
cooling mechanism after the electric arc furnace melting method [4].
It is important to mention that this granular formation can either be achieved by heat treatments or by
mechanical forging processes, whereas in this study it was directly obtained in the as cast samples. The reason
for this is the temperature gradient formed inside the sample during cooling.
810
doi:10.1017/S1431927619004781
Microsc. Microanal. 25 (Suppl 2), 2019
© Microscopy Society of America 2019
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619004781
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