Research Article
New Exact Soliton Solutions of the (3+1)-Dimensional
Conformable Wazwaz–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony Equation via
Two Novel Techniques
Mohammed K. A. Kaabar ,
1,2,3
Melike Kaplan,
4
and Zailan Siri
1
1
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
2
Gofa Camp near Gofa Industrial College and German Adebabay, Nifas Silk-Lafto, 26649 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
3
Jabalia Camp, United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), Palestinian Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip,
Jabalya, State of Palestine
4
Department of Mathematics, Art-Science Faculty, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
Correspondence should be addressed to Mohammed K. A. Kaabar; mohammed.kaabar@wsu.edu
and Zailan Siri; zailansiri@um.edu.my
Received 12 May 2021; Revised 12 June 2021; Accepted 26 June 2021; Published 22 July 2021
Academic Editor: Dumitru Vieru
Copyright © 2021 Mohammed K. A. Kaabar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work
is properly cited.
In this work, the (3+1)-dimensional Wazwaz–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation is formulated in the sense of conformable
derivative. Two novel methods of generalized Kudryashov and expð−φðℵÞÞ are investigated to obtain various exact soliton
solutions. All algebraic computations are done with the help of the Maple software. Graphical representations are provided in
3D and 2D profiles to show the behavior and dynamics of all obtained solutions at various parameters’ values and conformable
orders using Wolfram Mathematica.
1. Introduction
Partial differential equations (PDEqs) have attracted a partic-
ular interest from researchers in the fields of natural sciences
and engineering due to the applicability of these equations in
modeling various scientific phenomena in interdisciplinary
sciences such as mathematical physics, mechanics, signal
and image processing, and chemistry. Most physical systems
are not linear; therefore, nonlinear partial differential equa-
tions (NLPDEqs), particularly nonlinear evolution equations
(NLEEqs) (see [1]), have inspired researchers to investigate
the existence of exact solutions for such equations. Finding
new exact solutions for NLPDEqs can significantly provide
a good interpretation for the physical meaning and dynamics
of these equations. Therefore, several research studies have
recently been done on developing new methods for solving
NLPDEqs exactly. Some of the most notable methods that
have been applied to solve some interesting NLPDEqs are
the methods of modified simple equation and extended sim-
plest equation to solve (4+1)-dimensional nonlinear Fokas
equation [2], the methods of exp-function and expð−ΦðℵÞÞ
-expansion to solve Vakhnenko-Parkes equation [3], and
the method of generalized Kudryashov to solve nonlinear
Jaulent-Miodek hierarchy and (2+1)-dimensional Calogero-
Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equations [4]. To solve nonlinear inte-
grable equations, a novel technique, known as Hirota bilinear
method, was proposed by Ma and Ma et al. in [5, 6] in order to
obtain new lump solutions for the investigated equations [7].
One of the most interesting NLPDEqs is the Benjamin-
Bona-Mahony equation (BBMEq), an extension of the
Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdVEq), which is basically a
model that represents the unidirectional propagation of long
waves with small amplitude on the hydromagnetic and
acoustic waves’ surface in shallow water channel [8, 9]. Con-
sider the following (3+1)-dimensional modified form of
BBMEq:
Hindawi
Journal of Function Spaces
Volume 2021, Article ID 4659905, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4659905