transactions of the
american mathematical society
Volume 279, Number 2, October 1983
ON THE LOCATIONOF ZEROS OF
OSCILLATORY SOLUTIONS
BY
H. GINGOLD
Abstract. The location of zeros of solutions of second order singular differential
equations is provided bv a new asymptotic decomposition formula. The approximate
location of zeros is provided with high accuracy error estimates in the neighbour-
hood of the point at infinity. The same asymptotic formula suggested is applicable to
the neighbourhood of most types of singularities as well as to the neighbourhoods of
regular points.
1. Introduction. In the oscillation theory of second order differential equations one
may distinguish three types of problems.
Given the differential equation
(Li) y" = q*y
on an interval (a, oo), let y(t) be a real nontrivial solution of (1.1). Then the
following three problems are raised.
(1) Isy(?) oscillatory on (a, oo)? Namely does y(t) possess an infinite number of
zeros?
(2) Find an estimation of the number of zeros of y(t) on (a, T).
(3) Find the location of the zeros of y(t) on a given interval (a,T).
Each of the above three problems is intimately connected with the other two. They
ascend in difficulty from (1) to (3), problem (3) being most delicate and its solution
most desired. An answer to problem (3) provides an answer to (2) and (1). An
answer to (2) provides an answer to (1). Therefore, the conditions to guarantee
answers to the three problems differ respectively. The more smoothness assumed on
q4, the more accurate is the location of the zeros of y(t) by a single given formula.
Problems (l)-(3) are difficult because we have to deal with a singular differential
equation. The singularity of the differential equation is manifested in the fact that
we have to describe the behaviour of solutions y(t) of an equation, which may have
an unbounded coefficient on a noncompact domain, (a, oo).
Classical asymptotic techniques are a major tool in the investigation of singular
differential equations.
It is surprising to notice the small amount of classical asymptotic techniques
applied specifically to oscillation problems compared with the other techniques
Received by the editors April 5, 1982.
1980 Mathematics Subject Classification.Primary 34C10; Secondary 34E05.
Key words and phrases. Oscillation, zeros, second order differential equations, oscillatory solution.
©1983 American Mathematical Society
0002-9947/83 $1.00 + $.25 per page
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