RECONFIGURABLE PRODUCTION CONTROL SYSTEMS: BEYOND
ADACOR
Paulo Leitão
1
, João Mendes
2
, Armando W. Colombo
3
, Francisco Restivo
2
1
Polytechnic Institute of Bragança,
Quinta Sta Apolónia, Apartado 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, pleitao@ipb.pt
2
Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto,
Portugal, {joao.mendes,fjr}@fe.up.pt
3
Schneider Electric - HUB & Globalization of Technology, Steinheimer Str. 117, 63500
Seligenstadt, Germany, armando.colombo@ de.schneider-electric.com
Abstract: In the recent evolution of production control systems, the emergence of
decentralized systems capable of dealing with the rapid changes in the production
environment better than the traditional centralized architectures has been one of the
most significant developments. The agent-based and holonic paradigms symbolize this
approach, and ADACOR holonic control architecture is a successful example of such a
system. In this paper, authors discusses the current challenges and the way to go in the
direction of new, reconfigurable, evolvable and ubiquitous systems, able to respond to
current production environment demands and variability. Copyright © 2007 IFAC.
1. INTRODUCTION
Production control systems have evolved
dramatically during the last few years. One of the
most significant facts is the emergence of
decentralized systems capable of dealing with the
rapid changes in the production environment better
than the traditional centralized architectures. The
quest for agility and re-configurability requires a new
class of production control systems, characterized by:
- A community of distributed and intelligent
building blocks, designated by control units.
- Each control unit is autonomous, having its own
objectives, knowledge and skills, and
encapsulating intelligent functions; however,
none of them has a global view of the system.
- Global decisions (e.g. scheduling and diagnosis)
are obtained by more than one control unit, i.e.
control units need to work together to reach a
production decision.
- Control units should exhibit some emergent
behavior, such as to adapt to changes without
external intervention.
- Control units representing mechatronic devices,
such as sensors or robots, are part of the
production control system architecture.
The agent-based and holonic paradigms symbolize
this new approach, and ADACOR (ADAptive
holonic COntrol aRchitecture for distributed
manufacturing systems) [1], as others (see e.g.
PROSA [2], HCBA [3] and Bussmann [4]), is a
successful example of such a system. ADACOR
deals with the re-configurability in manufacturing
systems by introducing an adaptive production
control system that evolves dynamically between a
more hierarchical and a more heterarchical control
architecture, based in self-organization and learning
capabilities embedded in individual holons.
Re-configurability, that is the ability of the system to
dynamically change its configuration, usually to
respond to dynamic changes in its environment, e.g. a
new production scenario, assumes a key role in the
new generation of production control systems,
providing the way to achieve a rapid and adaptive
response to change, which is a key enabler of
competitiveness.
Starting with an overview of how re-configurability
is supported by ADACOR architecture, this paper
presents the current challenges and the way to go in
the direction of new, reconfigurable and ubiquitous
systems, able to integrate networked production
resources to respond to the variability of production
scenarios beyond those that were envisaged at design
time. For this purpose, the paper introduces the
guidelines for the new generation of re-configurable
production systems and discusses how to implement
these systems, pointing out the benefits of combining
multi-agent systems with service-oriented
architectures.