Kim et al. Advances in Difference Equations ( 2019) 2019:190
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-019-2129-x
RESEARCH Open Access
Some identities of special numbers and
polynomials arising from p-adic integrals on
Z
p
Dae San Kim
1
, Han Young Kim
2
, Sung-Soo Pyo
3*
and Taekyun Kim
2
*
Correspondence:
ssoopyo@gmail.com
3
Department of Mathematics
Education, Silla University, Busan,
Republic of Korea
Full list of author information is
available at the end of the article
Abstract
In recent years, studying degenerate versions of various special polynomials and
numbers has attracted many mathematicians. Here we introduce degenerate type 2
Bernoulli polynomials, fully degenerate type 2 Bernoulli polynomials, and degenerate
type 2 Euler polynomials, and their corresponding numbers, as degenerate and type
2 versions of Bernoulli and Euler numbers. Regarding those polynomials and
numbers, we derive some identities, distribution relations, Witt type formulas, and
analogues for the Bernoulli interpretation of powers of the first m positive integers in
terms of Bernoulli polynomials. The present study was done by using the bosonic and
fermionic p-adic integrals on Z
p
.
MSC: 11B83; 11S80; 05A19
Keywords: Bosonic p-adic integral; Fermionic p-adic integral; Degenerate Carlitz
type 2 Bernoulli polynomial; Fully degenerate type 2 Bernoulli polynomial;
Degenerate type 2 Euler polynomial
1 Introduction
Studies on degenerate versions of some special polynomials and numbers began with the
papers by Carlitz in [3, 4]. In recent years, studying degenerate versions of various special
polynomials and numbers has regained interest of many mathematicians. The research
has been carried out by several different methods like generating functions, combina-
torial approaches, umbral calculus, p-adic analysis, and differential equations. This idea
of studying degenerate versions of some special polynomials and numbers turned out to
be very fruitful so as to introduce degenerate Laplace transforms and degenerate gamma
functions (see [11]).
In this paper, we introduce degenerate type 2 Bernoulli polynomials, fully degenerate
type 2 Bernoulli polynomials, and degenerate type 2 Euler polynomials, and their corre-
sponding numbers, as degenerate and type 2 versions of Bernoulli and Euler numbers.
We investigate those polynomials and numbers by means of bosonic and fermionic p-adic
integrals and derive some identities, distribution relations, Witt type formulas, and ana-
logues for the Bernoulli interpretation of powers of the first m positive integers in terms
of Bernoulli polynomials. In more detail, our main results are as follows.
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