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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2015; 3(4): 24-27
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2015; 3(4): 24-27
© 2015 JEZS
Received: 10-06-2015
Accepted: 11-07-2015
Farman Ullah
Department of Plant Protection,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan.
Ahmad Ullah Andar
Department of Plant Protection,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan.
Hayat Badshah
Entomology Section,
Agricultural Research Institute
Tarnab Peshawar Pakistan.
Muhammad younus
Entomology Section,
Agricultural Research Institute
Tarnab Peshawar Pakistan.
Correspondence:
Farman Ullah
Department of Plant Protection,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan.
Management of Melon fruit fly ( Myopardalis
Pardalina Bigot) In Badghis, Afghanistan
Farman Ullah, Ahmad Ullah Andar, Hayat Badshah, Muhammad younus
Abstract
Field studies were carried out on the management of Melon fly (Myiopardalis Pardalina Bigot) in
Badghis, Afghanistan during 2014. This study comprises of three different experiments. In the first
experiment five different insecticides were tested for their efficacy. In the 2
nd
experiment the effect of
pupae removal and bagging were compared for effectiveness against the melon fly. In the 3
rd
experiment,
Cue lure, Methyl Eugenol, Protein Hydorlysate (GF120) and PPr product were evaluated in the baited
traps against the fly. Results showed a reduction of 61.38% and 76.84% in the fly population in
comparison with the control in experiment 1
st
and 2
nd
respectively. While result of the 3
rd
experiment was
not prominent where no Melon fly was recorded in any of the baited trap. All the used attractants are
failed against the Afghan Melon fly and I propose that there will be a difference in the race of M.
Pardalina of Baluchistan and Afghanistan, so it may need further studies to confirm the prevalence of
any difference exist.
Keywords: Melon fly, Myopardalis pardalina, Insecticides, pupae collection, management.
1. Introduction
Melon (Cucumis melo) locally called Khatakay in Pashto and Kharboza in Dari languages, is
one of the most important fruit and cash crop of summer season in Afghanistan, About 35000
ha, area is under melon cultivation throughout the country with 640 thousand tons production
and cash value about $126, million USD
[1]
. After the grapes, melons are the most cultivated
fruit in Afghanistan which are not only produced for domestic requirements but also exported
to Asia, Middle East and Europe (Ehsan, 2009)
[2]
.
This important crop is harmed by different insect pests. One of the most serious pests is
Baluchistan melon fly (Myiopardalis Pardalina Bigot) which causes huge damage to melon
fruits (Mcquate 2005)
[3]
.
Mature melon fly is smaller than the Oriental fruit fly or mango fruits fly (Bactrocera dorsalis
Hend) and house fly (Musca domestica) in size. Freshly laid eggs are white and 1.2 x 2mm
long; larvae ought to creamy color and 10 mm in length, pupae is about 7.2 mm long and with
brown color. The larval period is 10-13 days depending on the temperature. When fully grown,
they make an exit hole and drop to the soil for pupation. Pupation takes place inside the fruit
(personal observation). Mellon fly M. Pardalina produces 2-3 generations per year in the
North and central region and four in the South and East of Iran (Carroll et al., 2002; Hussain et
al., 1983; Christenson et al., 1960)
[4, 5]
.
The pest is distributed in Turkey, Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, India, Pakistan,
Afghanistan, and Iran (EPPO, 2013; Assadullah et al., 2012)
[6, 7]
.
The melon fly was first reported as a destructive pest of melon in western Afghanistan
however, in eastern part of the country it was not a problem since 1980 (Ullah, 1987)
[8]
.
Fruit damage is caused by maggots living inside the fruit on fleshy tissue and seeds. Infested
fruits are also usually affected through secondary contamination (bacterial and fungal) which
make them unfit for human consumption. In numerous countries (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan), losses in melon crops up to 80-90% have been reported by local farmers. Due to
lack of control measures, the yield can be entirely lost although people are trying to suppress
the pest, but they couldn’t because there are no effective chemicals, no other specific and easy
methods to use against it (EPPO, 2013)
[7]
. Melon growers use different group of insecticides
i.e. Diazinon, Danadium, Confidor, Methamedophose, Carboryle, Super top, Deltamethrine,
Cypermethrin, Diptrex for the control of this fly. Among farmers some use mixture of 3-4
insecticides simply to get rid of the pest which has proved effective results but it has increased