SOUTH ASIA
RESEARCH
www.sagepublications.com
DOI: 10.1177/0262728017745385
Vol. 38(1): 1–19
Copyright © 2018
SAGE Publications
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CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY OF INDIA:
MODIFYING THE ENVIRONMENT
Rajnish Saryal
Panjab University, Ludhiana, Panjab, India
abstract Since the 1970s, and especially following the 1992 Rio
Earth Summit, climate change has become an area of high politics,
engaging the whole world at the international and diplomatic
level. What matters, though, is how this translates into tangible
policies at national and local levels, and how these different scales
interact. Highlighting India’s unique position in international
climate negotiations, this article first scrutinises various official
statements and documents of the Government of India (GOI)
on climate change and puts them into an analytical framework
that demonstrates continuities, but also significant recent shifts.
Investigating the reasons for such modifying trends and examining
their consequences, the article then suggests that partly owing to
recent changes in global and (geo)political contexts, but also due to
an Indian re-thinking of responsibility for addressing global climate
change, there is a significant new development. This seems to augur
a South Asian ‘silent revolution’ in green technologies, a prudent,
economically and ecologically beneficial step, not only for India but
possibly a sustainable global model.
keywords: climate change, development, environment, global
climate negotiations, greenhouse gas emissions, India, UN Framework
Convention on Climate Change
Introduction
Climate change has emerged over the last few decades as a major issue of debate
in international politics and diplomacy. Leelakrishnan (2005: v) highlights that
‘[i]nternational efforts for the protection and preservation of the global environment
started with the convening of the Stockholm Conference on Human Environment in
1972’. The Brundtland Commission Report of 1987, which introduced the notion
of ‘sustainable development’ (Adams, 1990; Carter, 2001: 196), was followed by
the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, which adopted the UN Framework Convention on