Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2008, 36, 659–666 Printed in the United Kingdom First published online 24 September 2008 doi:10.1017/S1352465808004827 Mindfulness Approaches in Cognitive Behavior Therapy Nirbhay N. Singh ONE Research Institute, Richmond, Virginia, USA Giulio E. Lancioni University of Bari, Italy Robert G. Wahler University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA Alan S. W. Winton Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Judy Singh ONE Research Institute, Richmond, Virginia, USA Abstract. Mindfulness is the latest addition to the armamentarium of cognitive behavioral therapists. Mindfulness methods from the wisdom traditions, as well as from current psychological theories, are beginning to be used as cognitive behavioral strategies for alleviating psychological distress and for personal transformation. The use of mindfulness as a clinical tool is in its infancy, with attendant growing pains in theory, research and practice. We brieﬂy discuss the historical context of the use of mindfulness, recent developments in theory, research and practice, and future developments. We conclude that mindfulness shows a lot of promise as a clinical treatment modality, but there are inherent pitfalls in the developing approaches. Keywords: Mindfulness, cognitive behavior therapy, personal transformation, assessment of mindfulness, psychological distress, wisdom traditions. Reprint requests to Nirbhay N. Singh, ONE Research Institute, P.O. Box 5419, Midlothian, VA 23112, USA. E-mail: nirbsingh52@aol.com © 2008 British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies