THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF SELF-MONITORING
FACTORS, PERSONALITY TRAITS,
AND NONVERBAL SOCIAL SKILLS
Ronald E. Riggio
Howard S. Friedman
ABSTRACT: Following recent developments concerning individual dif-
ferences in nonverbal social skills, the present study examined the inter-
relationships of several standardized measures of nonverbal skills and
personality. Particular attention was given to the concept of self-
monitoring, thought to be a skill central to social interaction. Based on
previous research which suggested that self-monitoring, as measured by
the Self-Monitoring Scale (SMS), is a multidimensional construct, it was
hypothesized that self-monitoring may actually be comprised of a
number of more basic social skills. Correlations between standardized
measures of basic social skills and three factors obtained from factor
analysis of the SMS [Briggs, Cheek, & Buss, 1980) supported this concep-
tion. The elements of self-monitoring appear to be "charisma," "perfor-
mance," and "social sensitivity."
An important recent shift in research attention has been to the
concept of individual differences in nonverbal social skills--the
idea that people differ in their abilities to function in social situa-
tions (see Friedman, 1979). Success in social interaction usually re-
quires that the individual be able to "read" the demands of the
particular social situation, monitor, and control (or disguise) inap-
propriate information or feelings, and usually express oneself in a
positive and socially approved manner. Together, these skills have
been termed "self-monitoring" (Snyder, 1974).
This research was supported by NIMH Grant #RO3MH31453 and intramural research
grants from UC Riverside to the second author [HS.F.). We would like to thank Keith
Widaman, Judith A. Hall, and Louise Prince. Requests for reprints should be sent to: Ronald
E. Riggio, Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92634.
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 7(1), Fall, 1982
0191-5886/82/1500-0033502.75 © 1982 Human Sciences Press 33