ELSEVIER Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 38 (1995) 421-430
Solar Energy Materials
and Solar Cells
A rigorous kinetic approach to model primary oxidative
steps of photocatalytic degradations
C. Minero
Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
Abstract
A kinetic model for the early stages of oxidation of an organic compound over irradiated
semiconductors is presented. The model considers only the simpler cases, having the
advantage of simplicity and of analytical solutions to the general differential equation. The
obtained relationships are able to justify 0) the observed decays of Ci(t) versus time, (ij) the
observed dependencies of the measured kinetic constants on initial substrate concentration,
(iii) on the catalyst concentration, and (iv) on the light intensity.
1. Introduction
Heterogeneous photocatalysis has recently been proposed for reduction of
water pollution caused by organic contaminants [1]. The base mechanism of the
photocatalytic process has been exhaustively reviewed (see, e.g., Refs. [2] and [3]).
The applications of the process using Ti0
2
to the decontamination of industrial
waste waters or real matrices have been appeared. Examples are the treatment of
ore spills [4], of dyes [5], of degreasing effluents [6] and soils [7].
The advantages and limits of photocatalysis have been discussed [3,8,9] also by
comparison with other Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP). Unlike other AOP's
based on addition or generation of chemical reagents and the usual kinetic
behaviour for chemical transformations, in. photocatalysis the observed rate of
degradation of the organic substrate usually increases as the concentration of the
substrate decreases. This supports applications at low pollutant concentration and
renders the process inefficient at high organic carbon content, suggesting for these
applications some dilution before the treatment [5]. The kinetic modelling of the
primary degradation steps is therefore essential for any practical application of the
process.
Some kinetic models describing photocatalytic oxidation on illuminated semi-
conductors have been proposed [10-12]. This paper reports a simple kinetic model
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