128 Near and distance stereopsis restoration in amblyopia with 3D computer treatment Hong-Wei Deng 1 , Ping Huang 2 , Hua-hong Zhong 1 , Nyankerh Cyril Nii Amankwah 3 , Jun Zhao 1 1 Shenzhen Eye Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Joint College of Optometry of Shenzhen University; Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China 2 Beijing Jiachengshixin Digital Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100089, China 3 Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass. Eye and Ear hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA. Correspondence to: Hong-Wei Deng. Shenzhen Eye Hospital; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Joint College of Optometry of Shenzhen University; Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China. Dhw110@126.com Received: 2018-11-22 Accepted: 2020-01-05 Abstract ● AIM: To evaluate the effect of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) technology as a visual training system in children with amblyopia. ● METHODS: Totally 30 children, aged 4-16 years old, 18 with ametropic amblyopia (AMA), and 12 with anisometropic amblyopia (ANA) were recruited in this study. A binocular 3D shutter glasses technology visual training system was used for training trials. Each training time lasted 1h, and the number of training trials totaled 33 (mean, 32±8) times on average, per-person. Before and after each training trial, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of each eye, range of fusion by synoptophore, as well as near and distance stereopsis acuity by Yan Shaoming random-dot test and synoptophore respectively was measured. ● RESULTS: A significant difference was found pre- and post-treatment in BCVA in both kinds of amblyopia studied. Signifcant improvement was also found in fusion range and stereopsis acuity. The improvement of fusion range and stereopsis recovery could be seen in ANA than in AMA patients. The near stereopsis acuity recovery in ANA group might more easily to regain stereoacuity at near than in AMA group. ● CONCLUSION: S3D display vision training systems are indicated for the recovery of stereoacuity in children with amblyopia. ● KEYWORDS: stereopsis; amblyopia; fusion; ametropic amblyopia; anisometropic amblyopia DOI:10.18240/ier.2020.02.12 Citation: Deng HW, Huang P, Zhong HH, Nyankerh CNA, Zhao J. Near and distance stereopsis restoration in amblyopia with 3D computer treatment. Int Eye Res 2020;1(2):128-132 INTRODUCTION A bout 5%-10% of the American population are totally stereo blind or have impaired stereovision, which means these people do not perceive depth as normal and the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the natural world. Furthermore, they have heightened difficulty specific tasks, such as driving and playing badminton, and other cognitive activities requiring both speed and accuracy [1-2] . One of the main causes of stereo blindness is believed to be juvenile strabismus or amblyopia [3] . If not treated early enough, usually before 7 years of age, strabismus and amblyopia may deteriorate into a lack of stereopsis [4] . The common cause of amblyopia is anisometropia [5] , which is a condition where one eye has a diferent refraction power in terms of magnitude from the other eye but the same error type. In amblyopia, the brain switches of input from the “weaker” eye because of the conflicting or unequal input from both eyes. This is the main reason why amblyopia is combined with bad stereoacuity or stereo blindness, as has been described in various review articles [4] . There are lots of therapies for amblyopia with the binocular approaches gaining widespread attention lately [6-7] ; Hess and Thompson [8] provides a brief review of related articles in 2015. Since the stereoscopic 3D (S3D) computer technology can give both eyes equal external input stimulus, it can strengthen or restore the normal binocular fusion. There hasn’t been a lot of studies that addresses the rehabilitation of stereoacuity at diferent distances [9] , especially after the S3D stereo training in amblyopia [10] . The aim of our research was to evaluate the effect of S3D technology as a visual training system in children with amblyopia. Specifcally, we measured the improvement of stereoacuity in both near and distance after both types of amblyopic patients regain their normal binocular visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) by S3D treatment. Stereopsis restoration with 3D computer treatment ·Original Article·