Lingual: Journal of Language & Culture (Volume 8, No.1, May 2017) English Department, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University 2 COMPLEMENTISER AND RELATIVISER IN THE ENGLISH SUBORDINATE CLAUSES Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati English Department, Faculty of Arts, Udayana University mas.indrawati@yahoo.com Abstract Words combine to form larger units; phrases, clauses, and sentences. The study of the structure of phrases, clauses, and sentences is referred to as syntax. Quirk, et, all (1985:47) distinguishes sentences into two types they are; simple sentences and multiple sentences which cover compound sentences and complex sentences. A simple sentence consists of one independent clause, a multiple clause contains more than one clauses, a compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses, while a complex sentence consists of insubordinate and subordinate clauses. Subordinate clause, in embedding the element of the insubordinate clause use either complementiser or relativiser. For example: (1) john said that he did not come to the party. That in (1) is considered to be complimentiser since it introduces the subordinate clause. (2) John met the teacher that teaches you English. That in (2) is classified as relativiser because it is used to introduce the modifying clause. This paper attempts to discuss complementiser and relativiser in the English subordinate clauses and describe the constituent structure in a tree diagram using the approach proposed by Kroeger (2005). The data were taken from a novel entitled Saved by The Bride by Fiona Lowe (2013). Keywords: complex sentences, subordinate clauses, complementiser or relativiser I INTRODUCTION A sentence is mainly a group of words linking together and expressing an idea, event or description. The words in an English sentence have a certain order and rule regarding ways to either expand or shorten it. The boundaries of a sentence are easily identified, as it begins with a capital letters and ends with terminal punctuation mark (period, punctuation mark or exclamation mark). Quirk, et, all (1985:47) distinguishes sentences into two types they are; simple sentence and multiple sentences which cover compound sentences and complex sentences). Compound sentence consists of two or more independent or insubordinate clauses while complex sentence is a sentence consisting of a main clause or independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses. According to Van Valin, JR, (2004:133) complex sentences are non-coordinate sentences containing more than one clause or more than one VP. Kroeger (2005:218) states that a clause can be embedded within another in two simple ways, they are coordination vs. subordination. When two constituents belonging to the same category are adjoined to form another constituent of that category, it is referred to as a coordinate structure or a compound sentence, such a structure is considered to be doubly headed, because both of the adjoined elements function as heads of the larger unit. Coordinate sentences in English are usually connected by conjunctions such as and, but, and or, as in the example: (1) Jack came into the room and Jane stood up. The clauses: Jack came into the room and Jane stood up are independent clauses since they can stand by themselves. The coordinate conjunction used to conjoin the two independent clauses in (1) is coordinator and. In contrast, in a complex sentence, the subordinate clause functions as a dependent rather than a co-head. There are three types of subordinate clauses; they are (a) complement clauses, adjunct (or adverbial) clauses, and relative clauses, such as in (2) (2) a. Fred believes that John married Mary. b. After entering the room, Jack took off his coat. c. I saw the man who had helped you. The clause in (2a) is linked with conjuction that, to introduce the subordinate clause, John married Mary. The subordinate clause in (2a) is referred to as a complement clause and that is referred to as complementiser . In (2b) the subordinate clause is initiated by the preposition after to introduce the subordinate clause entering the room therefore it is called an adjunct clause since it takes the function as