muí I I) Cniíiphell (1990). Nonstarch polysaccharides of cañóla meal: in jimilliv muí |K)tcntial benefit of dietary enzyme supplementation. J. Sci t A,<M. , 1 1 » Cmnpbell and W. Guenter (1994). Oligosaccharides in cañóla niral muí ili"H n xliihli pulysaccharide digestibility and true metabolizable energy in pouhiv l'"nlin Mr, W < íui'iiiiT itnd LD. Campbell (1997). Enzymes for cañóla meal: Is U-mlini- "I lin (n -iiillii init lor developing an effective enzyme preparation. Poultry Sn A-.' tltiy, Altii'iis, ( iA, August, Abstract 3 1 5. 'iiixuuki muí l'.A. Thacker(1990). Oil quality, chemical characteristics, ¡u n......nkrn fiíini enzyme treated cañóla Research on cañóla meal, 10' l'mii-ii l'.|. lid ni ( 'miada, 44-63. «iiiiii tu. A HiL-nus, P. YusteandL. Rubio (1990). Effectof dietary oligosaulmml ..... mi | ii "i 'iluuh hy growing chicks. Anim. Peed Sci. Technol. 30,313-319 U' II ( IW7) Ivxpander processing of animal feeds. Chemical, physical and uní..........I HiiHi'i n Ivril l'mcessing Centre, Wageningen, 1-90. Mi.'in'i. l< liliccs and R. Canales (1993). Eflfect of enzyme addilk»i (pmi. i . i>l» tu ...... -mi In l'roceiídings 21*1 Int. Workshop on Antinutritional Factors in I ,iy. ....... '-<••' 1. 1 I'.H'I. I I IIUMIKIM and H.J. Saini (Eds.). Wageningen Pers, Wageniiii'.ni. 121 K luid. M I. Siinde, N. Prentice, W.C. Burgerand J.A. Marlelt (1 ( >XI ) II ........ , Huillín' |1 ^Jucmi witíi VWcAoí/cnwa v/«ífe cellulase in the chick intestiiio l'.mli ' ....... HHI< -luir muí (' McC'orquodale (1992). The effect of proanlhocyunodm iuli ludí -in-t ii.lin i'ilimls from beaii (Vicia faba L.) hulls on nutrient digestibilily muí <lii ..... itin'i in yuiinc, fliicks Br. J. Nutr. 67, 57-65. I ,.i, |,»<ki (l'í'M) In vilm and/fl vivo dephosphorylation of rapuseiul mnil I.-, ....... ••! niliii|i i'ii/yiiu's dciivcd from Asftergiflus niger. J. Sci. Food Agrie. M, I <• I I.IMM- muí TI,, Veuin (1995). Complete dephosphorylation of n.m '...\\.. .1. ....... ti I!M| n.iuliliiiii';oriliclinkey. J. Agrie. FoodChem. 43, 288-294. Variation of alkaloids, alkaloids esters, phytíc acid and phytase activity in germinated seed oíLupinus albus and /.. luteus M. Muzquiz , M.M. Pedrosa1, C. Cuadrado', O. Ayet', C. Burbano' and A. Brenes2 'Área de Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Aptdo 8111, 28080 Madrid, Spain 'Instituto de Nutrición y Bromatología, CSfC, Pac, Farmacia, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain Summary Germination is a useful process to improve the nutritional valué of lupin seeds. The object of this work was to establish the changes in alkaloids, phytic acid and phytase activity during germination of Lupinas albus and L. luteus seed. The seeds were germinated for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h, at 20 °C with 8 h light/day. The alkaloid and phytic acid changes were monitored by capillary gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography respectively. Phytase activity was determined by micromoles of P liberated in 5 minutes. Lupanin, a-isolupanin, multiflorin and 13- OH-lupanin were identífied in L. albus and lupinin, spartein, gramin and lupanin in L. luteus. Alkaloid esters were detected in L. albus seed and their content increased during germination. The major inositol phosphate, IPú, appeared to be degraded to lower inositol phosphates during fupin seed germination. The rate of phytic acid degradation during germination was similar in L. albus and L. luteus. It was positively related to increased phytase activity in L. albus. Phytase activity during germination depends on the legume species or cultivar studied and L. luteus showed higher enzyme activity than L. albus. Keywords: lupinus, alkaloids, phytates, phytase activity, germination Introduction Lupin seed represents an important potential source of protein for animal and human consumption. The plant shows advantages such as tolerance to poor soils, adaptability to températe climates, high seed protein content (300-400 g/kg) and a high seed oil content in some species (Aguilera and Trier, 1978). However, the utilisation of lupins has been limited by the presence of toxic alkaloids and other antinutritional factors such as phytic acid. Germination is a useful process to improve the nutritional valué of seeds. Although many sliidies on the effect of germination on the composition of different legumes seeds are available (Tingo ct al, 1990), dataon changes in composition of lupin seed during germination are scarce. Thcre is little published informaron on the effect of germination on the toxic quinolizidine alkaloids, phytic acid and phytase activity (de la Cuadra et al, 1994; Muzquiz e/a/., 1996). The aim of the present work was to analyse the effect of seed germination on alkaloids, phytic m-itl and phytase activity in two species of lupin, L. albus and L. luteus. Malcriáis ¡ind Mcthods lliltci seed of/., tithus and /,. futáis from the Centro de Investigación Agraria, Badajoz were used ni ihis work. Seeds were germinated under conlrolled COndítions in a germination chamber. The •livirunnicnliil coiutilions were 20 "C and Kh of light/day, (iermination times were O (control), 24, •1H. 72. % and 120 h, Kaw and giinmiati'd sri:d samples were collc-ctal, Iree/.e-dried and gruund lo pa.v; Ihioiif.h a I SO finí sievo (Tociitor, ('