Research Article Insulin Glargine U100 Utilization in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in an Italian Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Study Luca Degli Esposti, 1 Valentina Perrone , 1 Stefania Saragoni, 1 Valerio Blini, 1 Stefano Buda, 1 Rosella D’avella, 2 Gina Gasperini, 3 Fabio Lena, 4 Francesca Fanelli, 5 Luca Gazzi, 5 and Francesco Giorgino 6 1 Clicon S.r.l. Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, Ravenna, Italy 2 Complex Operation Unit-Pharmaceutical Department of Arezzo-Toscana Sud Est Local Health Unit, Arezzo, Italy 3 Complex Operation Unit of Hospital Pharmacy for Hospital of Siena-Territory Continuity of Care, Toscana Sud Est Local Health Unit, Siena, Italy 4 Local Health Unit-Pharmaceutical Department of Grosseto, Toscana Sud Est Local Health Unit, Grosseto, Italy 5 Sanofi S.p.A, Italy 6 Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Valentina Perrone; valentina.perrone@clicon.it Received 11 April 2019; Accepted 7 December 2019; Published 31 December 2019 Academic Editor: Valentino Cherubini Copyright © 2019 Luca Degli Esposti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. This study is aimed at estimating the proportion of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with basal insulin (insulin glargine U100) and at evaluating daily insulin dose, treatment pattern, and adherence to treatment of these patients. Methods. Data from administrative and laboratory databases of 3 Italian Local Health Units were retrospectively collected and analyzed. All patients with a diagnosis of T2DM between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2012 were considered, and those with at least a prescription of insulin glargine between 01/01/2013 and 31/12/2014 were included and followed up for one year. For each patient, we evaluated HbA1c levels both at baseline and during the follow-up period and the daily average dose of insulin. Medication adherence was defined by using medication possession ratio (MPR) and reported as proportion of patients with MPR ≥ 80%. Results. 7,422 T2DM patients were available for the study. According to the antidiabetic medication prescribed, patients were categorized into four groups: insulin glargine only, insulin glargine plus oral glucose-lowering drugs, insulin glargine plus rapid-acting insulin, and insulin glargine plus DPP-4 inhibitors. Median daily dose of insulin among insulin glargine only patients was higher than in other groups (35 IU vs. 20 IU, p <0:05), and a higher percentage of them achieved a target HbA1c value of less than 7.0% (53.8% vs. 30%, p <0:001). Adherence to insulin treatment was lowest (41%) in the insulin glargine only group compared to other groups (ranging from 58.4% to 64.4%), p <0:001. Conclusions. A large proportion of T2DM patients treated with insulin fail in achieving the glycemic target of HbA1c level < 7%, irrespective of treatment regimen; however, basal insulin only is associated with lower therapeutic unsuccess. Adherence to antidiabetes medications is also suboptimal in these patients and should be addressed to improve long-term outcomes of reducing and preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications. 1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic common metabolic disorder [1]. In 2014, the global prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 9% among adults aged more than 18 years [2]. In 2016, more than 3.2 million people in Italy were reported to suffer from diabetes, representing 5.3% of the total popu- lation (16.5% among people aged 65 and over) [3]. Recent epidemiological studies have shown an increas- ing prevalence of diabetes in Europe and worldwide [4– Hindawi Journal of Diabetes Research Volume 2019, Article ID 3174654, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3174654