World Environmental & Water Resources Congress 2008; May 12-16, 2008, Honolulu, Hawaii
Loffill et al., 2008
Storm Water Best Management Practices into the Existing Urban Landscape
– Systems for Controlling Sediments
Ed Loffill
1
, David Phipps
1
, Rafid Alkhaddar
1&4
, Robert Andoh
2
and Mike Faram
3
(1) The Liverpool Centre for Environmental Technology, Liverpool John Moores
University, The Peter Jost Centre, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
(2) Hydro International, 94 Hutchins Drive, Portland, ME, 04102-1930, USA
(3) Hydro International, Shearwater House, Clevedon BS21 7RD, UK
(4) Corresponding Author: r.m.alkhaddar@ljmu.ac.uk
ABSTRACT
The operation of an ‘advanced’ hydrodynamic vortex separator (AVS) designed for
stormwater sediment interception has been examined using particle capture and retention
efficiency testing and dye tracer testing. For retention efficiency in particular (referring
to the efficiency with which a chamber retains pollutants following capture) the results
are compared with those for other configurations, including simple vortex and gravity
separation devices. The results show how the collection and retention efficiencies of the
AVS are enhanced through the presence of a quiescent zone in the base where solids are
stored. A simple model of system operation is considered, based on the surface loading
rate of the active region and the particle sedimentation velocity. It is concluded that a
comprehensive model of system performance needs to take into account a variety of
factors, including the detailed characteristics of the sediment material and the
hydrodynamic characteristics of the specific separation device in question.
KEYWORDS
Hydrodynamic vortex separator; retention efficiency; sediment; stormwater treatment
INTRODUCTION
Hydrodynamic vortex separators are high rate separation systems that have been utilized
for a number of applications, including wastewater treatment (Faram et al., 2004),
combined sewer overflow (CSO) treatment (Andoh, 1998) and stormwater treatment
(Deahl & Faram, 2002). Their application for stormwater treatment is particularly
valuable with urban run-off which contains entrained sediments that have been identified
as a source of pollution (Pitt et al., 1995; Sansalone and Buchberger, 1997). Given their
high efficiency and compact footprint, together with a low head-loss, they are applicable
to both new construction and retrofit applications. The system described here, an
‘Advanced Vortex Separator’ (AVS) has been developed over a number of decades, with
a clear understanding of the factors affecting its efficiency.
METHODOLOGY
The small-scale prototype AVS that formed the focus of the studies (overall diameter
375mm, operating volume approximately 60 litres excluding any connecting pipe work)
was constructed of transparent Perspex™. This was based on the system shown in
Figure 1.
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