Research Article Relationship of Serum Levels of IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, and Lung Function Parameters in Patients with COPD, Asthma-COPD Overlap, and Bronchial Asthma Nailya Kubysheva , 1 Marina Boldina, 2 Tatyana Eliseeva , 2 Svetlana Soodaeva , 3 Igor Klimanov , 3 Anastasia Khaletskaya , 4 Venera Bayrasheva, 1 Valery Solovyev , 1 Luis Alfonso Villa-Vargas, 5 Marco Antonio Ramírez-Salinas, 6 Moisés Salinas-Rosales, 6 Dmitry Yu. Ovsyannikov , 7 and Ildar Batyrshin 6 1 Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St., 18, Kazan 420000, Russia 2 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia 3 Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute under FMBA of Russia, Orekhovyy Bul’var 28, Moscow 115682, Russia 4 State Health Facility “City Clinical Hospital No. 5”, St. Nesterova, 34, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia 5 Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz, Esq. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, 07738 Mexico City, Mexico 6 Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz, Esq. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal S/N, Gustavo A. Madero, 07738 Mexico City, Mexico 7 Department of Pediatrics, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia Correspondence should be addressed to Nailya Kubysheva; aibolit70@mail.ru Received 5 October 2019; Revised 26 December 2019; Accepted 21 January 2020; Published 12 July 2020 Academic Editor: Mirella Giovarelli Copyright © 2020 Nailya Kubysheva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Determination of markers of systemic inflammation is one of the important directions in the study of pathogenesis and improvement of diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), and bronchial asthma (BA). The aim of our work was a comparative study of the features of changes in serum levels of IL-17, IL-18, and TNF- α in patients with COPD, ACO, and BA with various severity of the disease, as well as evaluation of the relationship between the level of these cytokines and lung ventilation function. A total of 147 patients with COPD (n = 58), ACO (n = 57), and BA (n = 32) during a stable period have been examined in this study. The control group included 21 healthy nonsmokers with similar sex-age indicators. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. The concentrations of these cytokines in the circulation in the studied patients with COPD, ACO, and BA were higher than those in healthy nonsmokers (p ≤ 0:001). IL-17 and IL-18 levels in the blood serum were comparable in all examined patients. The mean TNF-α concentrations in the circulation in COPD and ACO were significantly higher than those in BA (p <0:001). In patients with COPD, the levels of IL-17 and TNF-α increased progressively against the background of a decrease in numerous spirometric indicators, which allows us to consider these cytokines as systemic biomarkers of disease severity. In BA, the inverse correlations between the level of IL-17 and FEV1/FVC (%) and FEV1 have been found. In patients with ACO, the increase in IL-18 levels was associated with a decrease in FEV1 and TNF-α with FEV1/FVC (%). These findings indicate that IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α can participate in the mechanisms of systemic inflammation and the genesis of disorders of airway obstruction in COPD, AСO, and BA. An increase in the levels of IL-17 and TNF-α may be associated with impaired bronchial patency in COPD and BA. The established associations of the IL-18 concentration in the blood serum and FEV1 only in patients with ACO allow using the level of IL-18 as a potential marker of the degree of impaired airway obstruction in this disease. Hindawi Mediators of Inflammation Volume 2020, Article ID 4652898, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4652898