1 Copyright © 2005 by ASME
MODELING VORTEX INDUCED MOTIONS OF SPARS IN UNIFORM AND STRATIFIED FLOWS
Owen H. Oakley, Jr.
ChevronTexaco
Yiannis Constantinides
ChevronTexaco
Claudia Navarro
Applied Research Associates, Inc.
Samuel Holmes
Applied Research Associates, Inc.
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the vortex induced motions (VIM) of
a spar type floating production platform in uniform and sheared
currents. The large draft of modern production platforms means
that in some of the extreme current events the flow past the
platform is highly non-uniform along the hull. We discuss the
simulation of these stratified flows associated with hurricane
events and loop currents and the implications for experiments
and numerical simulations. Model testing options are reviewed
along with the potential effects of buoyancy due to temperature
and salinity variations in the current. Comparisons are made
between experimental test results and numerical simulations of
VIM at small scale and projections are made to full scale
behavior using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and
detached eddy simulation (DES).
INTRODUCTION
Spar platforms have become an important design type for
offshore deepwater operations. The typical spar platform is a
long vertical cylinder about 40m in diameter with a draft of
200m, tethered to the ocean floor with a catenary mooring
system. Having a small waterplane area compared to its
displacement and a low center of gravity, the spar has excellent
stability and exhibits small responses to waves. Unfortunately
the spar shape is prone to vortex shedding in strong currents
which can give rise to large horizontal plane motions - stressing
the mooring system and risers. Because vortex shedding is
expected in many if not all spar installations, the industry has
devised methods to reduce vortex induced motions (VIM) to
acceptable levels. The two main approaches are to use strakes
to break up the coherence of vortex shedding along the length
of the spar and the tuning of the mooring system to keep the
natural frequencies of the spar away from the vortex shedding
frequencies. Both methods depend on accurate prediction of the
flow around the platform. There are two types of current events
that govern this aspect of the design: a deep eddy or loop
current and a hurricane inertial current. The loop current can
reach the full platform depth and is often modeled as a high
speed uniform current. The speed of a hurricane current can be
somewhat higher than that of a loop current, but the hurricane
current is typically shallower and confined to the upper third of
the spar platform. Although the VIM might be expected to be
smaller in this case, the combined action of the VIM, hurricane
generated waves and high mooring line tensions make this an
important design condition. At this time there is little full scale
data on spar VIM under these conditions and there are many
different current and hull design scenarios. Furthermore, neither
numerical simulation nor tow tank test procedures are validated
for sheared currents. Thus, our objective here is to develop
effective predictive capabilities, both numerical and
experimental.
In the remainder of this paper we first examine some
important aspects of the flow around spar platforms and how
these might affect CFD simulations and model scale
experiments. At issue are the large size and complex spar
geometry of the spar and the nature of sheared currents. Size
and geometry affect CFD problem size. Spar platforms are not
streamlined cylinders but typically have strakes to reduce VIM
and often have external pipes and mooring chains or
“appurtenances” which can affect the flow near the platform.
The detached nature of the flow, the high Reynolds number and
complex geometry suggest very large CFD problem size,
stressing computer resources. We investigate the problem of
simulation from a practical point of view with regard to the
computer resources, the time required and the effect of mesh
refinement.
Proceedings of OMAE2005
24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2005)
June 12-17, 2005, Halkidiki, Greece
OMAE2005-67238