Int. J. Business Environment, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2016 19
Copyright © 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
The wicked challenge of the business environment
John C. Camillus
Katz Graduate School of Business,
University of Pittsburgh,
338 Mervis Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Email: camillus@katz.pitt.edu
Abstract: Today’s business environment has seen the emergence of ubiquitous
and increasingly significant forces. Three such ‘mega-forces’ are the
inevitability of globalisation, the imperative of innovation, and the importance
of shared value. These forces are significant individually, but when they
interact they generate powerful phenomena, namely, disruptive technologies,
conflicted stakeholders and unknowable futures. The confluence of these
phenomena gives rise to wicked problems. The mega-forces and the resulting
wicked problems make traditional techniques of strategic analysis ineffective
and require new approaches to strategy making. Recognising how the
phenomena generated by the mega-forces give rise to wicked problems
provides firms with guidelines for dealing with the distinctive and daunting
challenge posed by these wicked problems.
Keywords: business environment; business strategy; disruptive technologies;
globalisation; innovation; shared value; stakeholders; wicked problems
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Camillus, J.C. (2016)
‘The wicked challenge of the business environment’, Int. J. Business
Environment, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.19–31.
Biographical notes: John C. Camillus has held the Donald R. Beall Endowed
Chair in Strategic Management at the Katz Graduate School of Business since
1992. He received his Doctoral degree in Business Administration from
Harvard University, his Master’s in Management from the Indian Institute of
Management, Ahmedabad and his Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering from
the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras.
1 Introduction
There are developments in today’s business environment that pose unprecedented
challenges to decision makers. These developments are contributing to an increase in
strategic issues that are fundamentally different, and not readily addressed using
conventional tools of strategy analysis and development. These emerging strategic issues
often appear to be wicked problems. Wicked problems were identified by Rittel and
Webber in their 1973 article in Policy Sciences. The impact of wicked problems on
strategy development was discussed by Camillus in a 2008 Harvard Business Review
article.
The fundamental challenge facing managers is the uncertainty and complexity that
characterise business environments. If uncertainty and complexity were not present there