Marketing Letters 3:4, (1992): 407-417
© 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Manufactured in the Netherlands.
A Decomposition of Repeat Buying
V. KUMAR
University of Houston, Department of Marketing, College of Business Administralion,
Houston, TX 77204-6283
AMIT GHOSH
Cleveland Stare University Departrnent of Marketing, College of Business, C!eveland,
OH 44115
GERARD J. TELLIS*
University of Southern California, School of Business Administration, Los Angeles,
CA 90089-1421
Key words: Preference, Inertia, Coupon Proneness, Impulse Buying
[November, 1991
Revised: May 1992]
A bstract
The authors decompose repeat buying for frequently purchased nondurables. The results are very
similar for two categories each over a different city and time period. A factor anatysis of 18 mea-
sures of repeat buying obtains four principal factors that explain 79-85% of the variance: Prefer-
ence, Inertia, Coupon Proneness and Impulse Buying. A cluster analysis of factors on these di-
mensions yields four segments, with distinct behavioral characteristics.
Studies in many areas of marketing suggest that brand loyalty is an important
dimension of repetitive buying of low-involvement, low-cost, frequently-pur-
chased products. Thus, a better understanding of brand loyaIty would greatly pro-
mote our understanding of consumer behavior for such products. This goal has
led to at least 80 studies on brand loyalty (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978; Elrod 1987).
Kim, Batra and Lehmann (1991) recently presented a study which attempts to
review past measures of brand loyalty and test them for reliability and validity
using a single-source scanner data. Nevertheless, several difficulties with past
research binder a complete description of repetitive buying. First, no single defi-
nition or measure of loyalty is completely satisfactory. In particular, attitudinal
measures suffer from problems with reliability or self report bias, especially for
single period surveys. Behavioral measures suffer from an inability to separate
loyalty from response to marketing variables and either of them from random
events. In addition, loyalty itself may be multi-dimensional consisting of true pref-
erence for brands and inertia to switch brands. Similarly, brand switching needs
*The authors thank IRI for the data.