Numerical modeling of skirted foundation
subjected to earthquake loading
W. R. Azzam
Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Abstract. This paper explores the possibilities of using skirted foundation system
to mitigate the liquefaction hazards, control the horizontal soil movement and
decrease the pore water pressure underneath the foundation during the earthquake.
This technique is investigated numerically using finite element analysis. Four
stories reinforced concrete building resting on raft foundation is idealized as two-
dimensional model with and without skirts. In the present study, two dimensional
plane strain program PLAXIS, dynamic version is used. A series of models for the
problem under investigation was run under different skirts depth below the
foundation level. The results showed improved effectiveness in liquefaction
mitigation due to confinement effect and decreasing horizontal soil movement.
The presence of such skirts can modify and decrease the induced excess pore water
pressure. In addition, the skirts can significantly reduce the foundation acceleration
and the ground motion amplification is reversed.
Keywords. Liquefaction mitigation, Foundation, Skirts, Lateral confinement
Introduction
It's recognized that the liquefaction is process involving energy dissipation due to
frictional loss along grain contacts during cyclic loading as a result of increases in pore
water pressure, that leading to collapse the soil structure and this information can be
applied to develop methods for liquefaction mitigation. The energy required to cause
liquefaction depends on the density of packing grains. Extensive damage to foundation
and structures in areas of liquefaction and lateral spreading has been observed in many
earthquakes around the world as presented by Chu et al., (2004). The factors that lead
to liquefaction in the subsoil are important as reported by different authors e.g.
Hatanaka et al. (1987) and Ishihara, (1993). Liquefaction mitigation can be done using
a variety of soil improvement technique as dynamic compaction, vibro stone columns
and drainage wicks (Dise et al., (1994) and Luehring et al., (2001)). Improving
liquefaction potential strength by using micropiles and inclined reinforcement is also
investigated by McManus et al. (2005); Naein and Moaye (2006). These techniques of
soil improvement against liquefaction aim to increase the soil density and develop the
ideal densifications that avoid large increases in pore water pressure. Based on this
approach of densification, lateral confinement technique of soil underneath the
foundation was adopted using structural skirts that fixed rigidly to the foundation edges.
This technique was used in improving the bearing capacity and the settlement
characteristics (Martinez et al. (2008); Azzam and Nazer (2010). Nevertheless, their
effects in liquefaction mitigation cannot be scrupulously investigated. Consequently, a
new alternative technique is suggested for liquefaction mitigation by lateral
Proceedings of the 15th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
C. Quadros and S.W. Jacobsz (Eds.)
IOS Press, 2011
© 2011 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.
doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-778-9-113
113