Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation (EEA) (2020) Vol.02/ No. 01 Pages: 13-24 https://www.irojournals.com/iroeea DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2020.1.002 ISSN: 2582-3167 13 Design of Hybrid Energy Management System for Wireless Sensor Networks in Remote Areas Dr. Subarna Shakya Professor, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Central Campus, Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk, Tribhuvan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur Nepal. Email: drss@ioe.edu.np. Abstract: Energy is an essential parameter for any work to be done. An electric energy is a primary requirement for any wireless transmission system. Transmitting the information from a source to destination requires a continuous and strengthen wireless network connection to avoid interruption from electromagnetic disturbance. Powering such wireless networks can be done by giving direct current through a battery or from direct supply. The challenge comes when the wireless sensor network is fixed in a remote place or designed as a moving system for sensing analysis. Battery sourcing power system will be a better choice for such movable wireless system. The paper proposes a hybrid energy management system for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) connected in remote areas and it analyses the performance of the energy management system in terms of amount of energy can be generated for a battery source. 1. Introduction WSNs are widely used in many applications like monitoring the environment changes, weather variations, animal tracking systems, agriculture farming system, and natural resource quality checking system and so on. By providing an independent power source to the WSNs, it can be placed anywhere in the world for collecting data about the fixed system. Battery replacement technology [1] is a simple technology used for identifying the status of battery power backup remotely from the destination point where the WSNs matters are received. With help of the received information about the battery status a maintenance team or person can visit the place to replace the battery source for continuous work. To carryout continuous operation of the remotely placed network an additional battery source will be provided. But the real challenge in the WSN is faster drain of battery source due to continuous mode of operation. A very good WSN system must work continuously without any delay, and to be independent in collecting data. The necessity for designing a hybrid energy management system is to make the WSNs to operate without any disturbance due to lack of energy supply to the sensor nodes. There are several independent