Borneo Journal of Pharmacy http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/2118 Vol 4 Issue 3 August 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v4i3.2118 Page 238 – 247 e-ISSN: 2621-4814 INTRODUCTION Antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed, sold, and used drugs around the world 1 . In developing countries, many antibiotics are available without a prescription and cause someone to use antibiotics wisely 2,3 . Careless use of antibiotics causes the organism to adapt to antibiotics. Furthermore, it causes a decrease in the effectiveness of the antibiotics and resistance, which initially only occurs in hospitals but gradually also in the community 4,5 . The latest report from the World Health Organization (WHO) in Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance also shows that Southeast Asia has 64% of antibiotic use without a prescription and the highest in cases of antibiotic resistance. WHO released data that at least 2,049,442 cases were due to antibiotic resistance, and 23,000 of them died 6 . According to Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas, Basic Health Research) 2013 results, 103,850 (35.2%) of 294,959 households in Indonesia stored drugs for self-medication or self-medication, including antibiotics obtained without a physician's prescription amounting to 86.1%. South Kalimantan Province is the third highest in Indonesia (90.6%) of households that store antibiotics without a doctor's prescription 7 . Knowledge and attitudes are social cognitive factors that are interrelated with one another. Based on the results of Kurniawan et al . 8 study, there was a relationship between Knowledge and Attitude of Antibiotic Use among Public in Rural Area of Cempaka, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan Nurul Mardiati 1* Rahmayanti Fitriah 1 Nadia Wahyu Artati 2 Wika Tiarawati 1 Muhammad Zaini 1 1 Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Borneo Lestari, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia 2 Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia * email: nurulmardiati2@gmail.com Keywords: Attitude Antibiotics Antibiotic use Knowledge Public Abstract The high intensity of antibiotics relatively uses causes various problems for health, especially bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Lack of public knowledge about the rationale of antibiotics is a factor that can trigger bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study aims to assess the public's knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use in rural areas Cempaka, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey method in which closed-ended questionnaires were distributed to 380 rural residents in the village of Cempaka proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with the Chi-Square statistical test method. In conclusion, the rural residents demonstrated moderate knowledge (83.2%) and a positive attitude towards antibiotic use (97.4%). There is no significant association between both knowledge level and of antibiotics on the attitude towards antibiotic use. Received: February 15 th , 2021 Accepted: August 6 th , 2021 Published: August 30 th , 2021 © 2021 Nurul Mardiati, Rahmayanti Fitriah, Nadia Wahyu Artati, Wika Tiarawati, Muhammad Zaini. Published by Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya. This is an Open Access article under the CC-BY-SA License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v4i3.2118 Research Article