International Healthcare Research Journal 2020;3(12):370-375. INTRODUCTION Meant to be safer, harmless and having no-tobacco, the Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) was first patented in 1967 by Herbert A. Gilbert from Beaver Falls, PA. 1 They gained immense popularity after a Chinese pharmacist named Hon Lik introduced e-cigarettes in the Chinese market through his employer in 2004 and ever since, are freely available over the internet for users to buy and use. 2 These (e-cigarettes) are also commonly known as Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and is a product which is operated through a battery which helps deliver nicotine through inhalable aerosol generated from a nicotine-containing solution. The term “vaping” is associated with an e-cigarette use. Vaping is finding an increase in its use, especially among the young population as it gives a sensation as well as provides the same taste and feeling of inhaling smoke that mimicking smoking from paper cigarettes. Not just e-cigarettes, but vape pens and advanced personal vaporisers (MODS) too are the devices used for vaping. They were initially used as an alternative to regular smoking and were initially considered safe to use. However, the health consequences, arising from the long-term use of these e-cigarettes, i.e. (1) Its efficacy as compared to combustible cigarette smokers to help them to reduce and/or stop smoking, (2) The extent of carcinogens in e-cigarettes and, (3) the role of these products in initiating and perpetuating nicotine dependence in teenagers and young adults has been debated constantly across the globe. 3 There have been various cases reported of lung injury as a result of these e-cigarettes and in this context, on October 11 th , 2019, 4 The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in its morbidity and mortality weekly report issued have given an official name to the vaping related illness named: EVALI (E-cigarette or Vaping Product Associated Lung Injury). This review paper discusses about e-cigarettes and about its harmful effects that lead to EVALI in a person. WHAT IS AN E- CIGARETTE? An E- cigarette is a hand held powered vaporizer which includes hand to mouth action of smoking but without combustion of tobacco and are categorised in to three groups: disposable, rechargeable and modular.5 They have a battery powered vaporizer that uses a heating element to heat e-liquid, typically containing nicotine, from a cartridge that produces a chemical filled aerosol. The effectiveness of an e-cigarettes depends on a variety of factors which include battery strength, the nature of EVALI: A Review of the Vaping Related Lung Injury REVIEW A B S T R A C T ISSN: 2456-8090 (online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.26440/IHRJ/0312.03327 SWATI SHARMA 1 , FIZA NEHVI 2 , NILI KUMARI 3 , ALANKRITA CHAUDHARY * 4 , KULDEEP DHANKER 5 Vaping or e-cigarettes were introduced to help people quit smoking tobacco but with every passing year, their demand has dramatically increased as compared to the traditional cigarettes. With the increase in the number of vapers, an alarming vaping related outbreak which was given an official name by the CDC: EVALI (Electronic cigarette or Vaping Product Associated Lung Injury). In the United States, until January 21 st , 2020 2051 cases have been reported from all 50 states with 60 deaths confirmed in 27 states and the district of Columbia. Not much is known about the cause of this outbreak but the possible culprits could be THC(Tetrahydrocannabinol) containing materials or Vitamin E Acetate. In order to protect the youth and the adults from such health hazards the government took a step by putting a ban on E-cigarettes. After the US states of Michigan & New York, India too, imposed a ban on the sale of such e-cigarettes. This review paper discusses about e-cigarettes and about its harmful effects that lead to EVALI in a person. KEYWORDS: E-cigarettes, Vaping, Smoking Cessation, ENDS QR CODE © Swati Sharma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY-NC 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the use is not commercial and the original author(s) and source are cited. 370