ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bali Medical Journal (Bali Med J) 2017, Volume 6, Number 1: 38-43 P-ISSN.2089-1180, E-ISSN.2302-2914 38 Open access: www.balimedicaljournal.org and ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/bmj CrossMark Published by DiscoverSys INTRODUCTION Stem cell is a very popular term in the health and medicine recently. Te various features and capa- bilities of stem cells in the proliferation and difer- entiation has make it as a major topic among many researchers, scientists, health practitioners and even ordinary people. Stem cells are believed to be the key to develop treatment for degenerative diseases which is until now could not be cured, such as stroke, diabetes mellitus type I, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and other degenerative diseases. 1 Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) particularly popular among stem cell researchers. MSC can be considered as prolifc stem cell since it has been tested in a various kind of diseases such as myocar- dial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), osteoarthritis, stroke and spinal nerve damage. 2,3 Te results of those researches were particularly signifcant and there were even evidences of successful diferentiation of MSC into neuron, cardiomyocyte, and chondrocyte both in culture and in vivo. 4,5 However, recent researches reveal that diferentiation capability of MSC may not the only factor that contributed to its efectiveness. Muruguma et.al and Jones et.al frst reported that MSC could modulate the function of surrounding cells including cardiomyocyte, neuron and epithelial cells. 6,7 It was revealed that MSC could produce paracrine growth factors that help increase the survivability of nearby cell as well as increase angiogenesis both by recruiting stem cell from bone marrow and by inducing vessel growth from existing capillaries. 6 MSC could also produce cytokines that modulate immune response includ- ing IL-10, IL-8, and TGF-β. 7 Tese cytokines tend to repress immune response and induce tissue heal- ing. It is this function that attract immunologist for its potential application in immune related disease. Phase I and II clinical trial had been conducted to evaluate the potential of MSC therapy in auto- immune disease. 8,9 Te trials cover wide array of disease including Graf versus Host Disease (GvHD), diabetes, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Research in GvHD, SLE, and diabetes yielded compelling evidence that MSC could be applied as novel treatments. 9,10,11 However, there are only few evidences yet regarding the use of MSC in Infammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (Chrohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis). 12,13 Tis review will discuss about the character- istics and properties of MSC. Te potential of immune-modulation of MSC and its potential application will be described deeply thereafer. Autoimun Disease Overview Whereas immune system normally recognizes and eliminate foreign antigen, in several occasions it attacks the host itself which is known as autoim- mune disease. 14 Te main cause of autoimmune disease is alteration of self-tolerance due to genetic factor, hormone disorder, environment, diet, and some drugs. Whether most clinicians believe genetic factor is the dominant one, in fact it only contributes to 30% of the disease. 15 ABSTRACT Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) is a type of stem cell that not only has the ability to diferentiate into several diferent lineages, but also has an immunomodulator activity. MSC modulte immune system by secreting several diferent cytokines those act synergistically like IL6, IL-10, TGFβ, PGE2, and HLA-G which inhibit T-cell diferentiation and maturation of macrophage. Because of its immunomodulatory properties, several researches had attempted to study its potential application in autoimmune management. So far, preclinical and clinical study in Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) and several autoimmune diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and diabetes had yield promising results. However, the efcacy of its application in Infammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is still unclear. Overall, MSC has shown great promise as novel modality in autoimmune management. However, further studies are still needed to evaluate its application in each autoimmune disease as well as determining the efective dose of MSC for each type of autoimmune disease. Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC), Autoimmune Disease, Immunomodulator Cite This Article: Hadi Kartiko, B., Milas Siswanto, F., Purwata, T. 2017. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) as a potential cell therapy for immune related disease. Bali Medical Journal 6(1): 38-43. DOI:10.15562/bmj.v6i1.378 * Correspondence to: Bambang Hadi Kartiko, Doctor Program on Anti Aging Medicine, Udayana University dr.bhkmb@gmail.com Received: 19 November 2016 Accepted: 07 January 2017 Published: 08 January 2017 1 Doctoral Program of Anti Aging Medicine, Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia 2 Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan 3 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali-Indonesia Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) as a potential cell therapy for immune related disease Bambang Hadi Kartiko, 1* Ferbian Milas Siswanto, 2 Thomas Eko Purwata 3