Summary. We present field and laboratory data on the
Neotropical formicine ant Gigantiops destructor (Fabricius),
the sole species of its genus and tribe. Monogynous and poly-
domous colonies of G. destructor from French Guiana are
distributed along the rainforest edges or along streams with a
nest density of about 300 nests/ha. The species presents rudi-
mentary nesting habits, as most nests are found in pre-exist-
ing cavities in the ground, but some can be found in the hol-
lowed internodes of Cecropia trees fallen onto the ground. A
worker, sometimes hidden in a separate “sentry box”, might
guard the nest entrance. Colony size can reach several hun-
dreds of workers. The foraging activity of the workers is
strictly diurnal with a peak between 9 : 30 and 11: 30. This
largest-eyed of all known ant species has remarkable leaping
abilities even more impressive than in other jumping ants.
Workers are generalist solitary foragers. They collect extra-
floral nectar from different plant species and prey on various
small live arthropods that they detect visually before tracking
and jumping on them. The same individual can forage both
on prey and sugary sources during a single foraging trip. For-
agers can eat their prey on site and never recruit nestmates in
the field or even after a starvation period in the laboratory.
They feed larvae with chewed prey. The complete lack of
cooperation between foraging workers that can also fight for
a prey with a nestmate, combined with the absence of any
recruitment for large food sources, constitute a cluster of
individualist traits rather unusual for an eusocial insect.
Key words: Gigantiops destructor, nest structure, nest distri-
bution, foraging activity, food preferences.
Introduction
Firstly described as Formica destructor (Fabricius, 1804), the
Formicinae Gigantiops destructor is noteworthy as it is the
only species of its genus and of the Gigantiopini tribe (Ash-
mead, 1905). This species is confined to the rainforests dis-
tributed along a strip of South America east of the Andes,
extending from about 10° north to 15° south of the equator
(Wheeler, 1922; Kempf and Lenko, 1968; Tobin, 1989). Its
life history is little known and limited to the following infor-
mation. Workers forage solitarily on the ground, or some-
times among the branches of trees, leaping from twig to twig.
They run and jump away when pursued by human observers
(Smith 1858; Emery, 1893; Mann, 1916; Wheeler, 1922;
Tobin, 1989; Hölldobler and Wilson, 1990). As a result, it is
rather difficult to follow workers returning to their nests, so
that early attempts to localize them were unsuccessful.
Wheeler (1922) found only two queenless nests in British
Guyana, Tobin (1989) found two nests, one queenless and the
other queenright, in eastern Venezuela and a total of six nests
in the Manu Biosphere Reserve in Peru. Other attempts to
capture entire colonies were unsuccessful and, consequently,
males were described only in the second half of the twentieth
century (Kempf and Lenko, 1968). For all these reasons, this
formicine ant species still merits investigation. In addition,
because this species presents impressive forward jumping
abilities and has the largest and most prominent eyes of all
known ant species to date, it has recently attracted the inter-
est of neuroanatomists (Jaffe and Perez, 1989; Tautz et al.,
1994; Gronenberg and Hölldobler, 1999).
As foraging workers have been frequently observed in the
Amazon basin, we hypothesized that G. destructor is not
scarce, so that a systematic search would permit us to deduce
the ecological conditions of nest site selection in this species
and consequently to find nests for further study. We examine
Insectes soc. 48 (2001) 347 – 351
0020-1812/01/040347-05 $ 1.50+0.20/0
© Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2001
Insectes Sociaux
Research article
Colony structure and foraging behavior in the tropical formicine ant,
Gigantiops destructor
G. Beugnon
1
, P. Chagné
1
and A. Dejean
2
1
Laboratoire d’Éthologie et Cognition Animale, FRE-CNRS 2382, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 4, France,
e-mail: beugnon@cict.fr
2
Laboratoire d’Écologie Terrestre, UMR-CNRS 5552, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 4, France,
e-mail: dejean@cict.fr
Received 21 November 2000; revised 19 March and 15 May 2001; accepted 21 May 2001.