International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health | February 2019 | Vol 6 | Issue 2 Page 1
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Vasthare R et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2019 Feb;6(2):xxx-xxx
http://www.ijcmph.com
pISSN 2394-6032 | eISSN 2394-6040
Review Article
Measures of human development: a narrative
Ramprasad Vasthare
1
*, Shriya Dhaundiyal
1
, Sunaina Puri
2
INTRODUCTION
Over the years, using indicators to measure progress
towards achieving sustainable development (SD), or even
as supplemental strategies like „learning for
sustainability‟ and „sustainable livelihood‟ has obtained
adequate support. The implementation of such models is
supported by logical reasoning as demonstrated by the
comprehensive usage of indicators in environmental and
economic management. One can still perceive the
apparent frustration in literature pertaining to sustainable
development with respect to the deficiency of
advancement of indicators that will be able to influence
future policies. The major problem lies with usage of
such indicators presently.
1
Human freedom is the most important aspect of human
development. It is crucial for not only a few, but for
every single human being to be self-sufficient. Human
development is about creating such opportunities for the
population so as to enable them a decent standard of
living. The first human development report (HDR) was
published by UNDP in the year 1990. Since its inception,
it has not only released over 800 global, regional,
national and subnational HDRs but has also been actively
involved in conferences, workshops and other outreach
activities to promote human development. The work done
by UNDP has helped in furthering the interests of and
centralizing the people and their well-being amidst
policies and strategies.
Human development index (HDI) can defined as “a
composite index focusing on three basic dimensions of
ABSTRACT
Human development is a direct function of human capability, understood through the different facets of the human
development index. The impact of gender inequality, women empowerment, environmental and socioeconomic
sustainability has also been described in this review. It brings forth and reinforces that national development is an
assessment of not only per capita income but by other influential factors which affect development comprehensively,
such as educational achievements and health. A thorough primary screening was done for articles on human
development index using the data bases of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using the key words human
development, United Nations, measures, indicators and index, followed by a secondary screening, with due concern to
avoid overlap of information. The articles were categorized based on the subject of Human Development with due
prioritization. Human development index has evolved periodically taking into consideration the developments,
limitations and criticisms. It has become an important indicator of human progress and serves as a guide to state,
societal, community and individual developments. India currently holds a rank of 130 denoting medium human
development.
Keywords: Human development, United Nations, Measures, Indicators, Index
1
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy Of Higher
Education, Udupi, Karnataka, India
2
Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, India
Received: 18 December 2018
Accepted: 05 January 2019
*Correspondence:
Dr. Ramprasad Vasthare,
E-mail: vasthareram@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190027