ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science (J Dentomaxillofac Sci ) August 2020, Volume 5, Number 2: 82-85
P-ISSN.2503-0817, E-ISSN.2503-0825
82 © 2020 JDMFS. Published by Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University. All rights reserved. http://jdmfs.org
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Ab stract
Objective: This study described the prevalence of Temporomandibular
Disorder (TMD) and its severity among YARSI University employees.
Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional analytical study
based on Fonseca’s Questionnaire.
Results: The sample consisted of 225 participants, 118 of them
were men (52.4%) and 107 of them were women (47.6%), with an
average age of 37.99 ± 12.05 years old. Almost all of the samples
(92%) informed that they did not have a difculty in mouth opening
and moving the jaw to the sides (92%), 84% reported no clenching
teeth and 80% reported no articulation disorders. While 34.8%
of respondents reported muscular pain during mastication and
38.7% reported sufering from frequent headaches occasionally.
of respondents reported muscular pain during mastication and
38.7% reported sufering from frequent headaches occasionally.
Temporomandibular Joints (TMJ) clicking was reported among 13.3%
of participants and only a very small number of samples (4.9%)
reported pain in the temporomandibular joint.
Conclusion: The prevalence of TMD was quite high i.e 50.7%. In
term of severity, most of subjects had mild TMD’s (86.8%). The
sociodemographic factors that signifcantly associated with severity of
TMD were education and work status.
Keywords: Fonseca’s questionnaire, Prevalence and severity, TMD
Cite this Article: Umniyati H. 2020. The prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorder Joint (TMD) and its severity among YARSI University
Employees. Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 5(2): 82-85. DOI: 10.15562/jdmfs.v5i2.1074
The prevalence of Temporomandibular
Disorder (TMD) and its severity among
YARSI University Employees
Helwiah Umniyati
*
Introduction
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD)
describe as a number of related disorders that
afect the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and
its associated muscles. ligaments, as well as dental
occlusion.
1
Te prevalence of TMD varied from 9.8
to 80 percent and these problems are very common
amongst age of 20-50 years, especially in women.
2
In Brazilian study, Goncalves et al.
3
found that the
prevalence of TMD was 39.2%.
3
More than half of
population in the world (60-70%) have at least one
of the symptoms of TMD in their lives, but very few
of them seek treatment which is about 5%.
4
Signs
and symptoms of TMJ disorders are pain in the jaw,
difculty swallowing or discomfort when swallow-
ing, clicking or crepitation of the TMJs, limited jaw
opening capacity and deviation in the movement
patterns of the mandible, clicking or crepitation of
the TMJs, jaw locked, headaches, uncomfortable
bites, premature contact, and masticatory disor-
ders.
5,6
Te etiology of TMD’s involves several
components which may work independently or
together. Tese factors include genetics, stress,
tooth occlusion changes, muscular dysfunction
and systemic conditions that may manifest in the
temporomandibular joint.
6
TMD are more preva-
lence in age 20-45 years, with more females sufer-
ing TMD’s than males.
7
To measure the severity of
TMD, several instruments are used, among which
the most widely used is the Fonseca anamnestic
questionnaire and the Diagnostic Criteria for
Temporomandibular Disorders (DC-TMD) assess-
ment instruments.
8
Te purpose of our survey was
to obtain the information on prevalence and severity
of temporomandibular disorders among YARSI
University employees in Jakarta, Indonesia, using
the Fonseca’s questionnaire.
Material and Methods
Using cross sectional analytic design we conducted
a survey about TMD in YARSI University. Sampling
was completed using the purposive method and the
study sample consisted of 225 employees, including
both administrative and teaching staf. Te study
sample had to meet the inclusion criteria, namely
that respondents had never had prosthodontic
treatment before. Exclusion criteria included
respondents who use fxed orthodontics and those
who had experienced TMJ trauma. Te prevalence
and severity of temporomandibular disorders were
assessed using the Fonseca anamnestic index.
8,9
Te Fonseca Index is ofen used to look at the severity
of TMD in individuals based on the following
classifcations: mild, moderate, severe and no TMD.
Te Fonseca questionnaire consists of 10 questions
Department of Preventive and
Public Health Dentistry, Faculty
of Dentistry, University of YARSI,
Central Jakarta, Indonesia
*
Correspondence to:
Helwiah Umniyati, Department
of Preventive and Public Health
Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry,
University of YARSI, Central Jakarta,
Indonesia
helwiah.umniyati@yarsi.ac.id
Received: 1 July 2020
Revised: 2 July 2020 Accepted:
19 July 2020 Available Online:
1 August 2020