Research Article Aetiopathogenesis of Laryngotracheal Stenosis: A Retrospective Review Bigyan Raj Gyawali , Rabindra Bhakta Pradhananga, Kunjan Acharya , Heempali Dutta, Yogesh Neupane, Dharma Kanta Baskota, and Rajendra Guragain Department of ENT-HNS, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, T.U. Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal Correspondence should be addressed to Bigyan Raj Gyawali; bigyan.gyawali@gmail.com Received 25 August 2019; Revised 1 August 2020; Accepted 29 August 2020; Published 22 September 2020 Academic Editor: Gerd J. Ridder Copyright © 2020 Bigyan Raj Gyawali et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Airway stenosis is a technically challenging pathology to deal with. Various aetiologies can lead to the stenosis; however, trauma, mostly related to intubation, is the commonest so far. is study retrospectively evaluates various aetiological factors resulting in airway stenosis and the associated patient-related factors. Objectives. e objectives of this study were to evaluate the common patient-related factors, aetiology, site, and mode of presentation of airway stenosis and to evaluate the duration of intubation resulting in airway stenosis. Materials and methods. is was a retrospective study carried out at the Department of ENT-HNS, Institute of Medicine, Nepal. Record files from January 2014 to January 2019 of all cases with en- doscopic diagnosis of airway stenosis were evaluated. Demographic data, site, severity, aetiology, time, and mode of presentation were noted. e severity of stenosis was graded based on Cotton–Meyer (CM) classification. Results. A total of 33 cases were included in the study. e trachea and the subglottis were the frequent sites to be involved. Intubation-related trauma was the commonest aetiology with a shortest duration of intubation of only 4 days resulting in development of the stenosis. e other aetiologies were congenital, trauma, inflammation, and idiopathic. Conclusion. Trauma, mostly related to intubation, is still the commonest cause for the development of airway stenosis. Along with the duration of intubation, there are several other factors that can affect the development of stenosis. A prospective study with a large population is required to draw a definite conclusion. 1. Introduction Airway stenosis is one of the challenging pathologies to treat in the field of otorhinolaryngology. It can be at the level of supraglottis, glottis, subglottis, or trachea. Of the wide range of aetiologies described, e.g., congenital, traumatic, in- flammatory, and idiopathic [1, 2], trauma following pro- longed intubation and tracheostomy is still considered the commonest aetiology for the development of airway stenosis in both paediatric [3] and adult population [2, 4]. Aetio- logical factors, however, may vary in their prevalence in different geographical regions. As stated by Gelbard et al., airway stenosis is an anatomical definition with a diverse pathogenesis. Moreover, various patient factors are known to affect the development of the stenosis, e.g., gender, obesity, and type II DM [2, 5]. Considering the fact, the management strategy for this entity should be tailored on an individual basis. e study retrospectively evaluates a unique cohort of Nepalese population with documented laryngotracheal stenosis for the common patient-related factors such as age, sex and comorbid conditions, aetiology, site and mode of presentation, and the duration of intubation resulting in airway stenosis. 2. Materials and Methods is was a retrospective study carried out at the Department of ENT-HNS, Institute of Medicine, Nepal. Approval for the study was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. All cases with the endoscopic diagnosis of airway stenosis were included in the study, and the records lacking the Hindawi International Journal of Otolaryngology Volume 2020, Article ID 1941046, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1941046