STUDY OF THE RADIATION EMITTED BY A
RADIO BASE STATION ON NEAR-FIELD
SITUATION
R. M. Gerosa; C. B. Monteiro; Y. M. B. M. de Oliveira; L. C. Barbosa
Engineering School
Mackenzie University
São Paulo, Brazil
rodrigo_mgerosa@mackenzista.com.br
cibellebm@terra.com.br
yaraoliveira@mackenzie.br
lcbarbosa@mackenzie.br
Abstract— This paper shows a study of the electromagnetic
radiation in near-field situations for a radio-base mobile antenna.
Through a routine developed in Matlab the electric field, the
magnetic field and the power density are calculated, and the
results are compared with Brazilian standards and ICNIRP
limits. The obtained results show that for smaller distances to
the antenna the values of electric and magnetic fields and power
density are above the ones required by Brazilian standards.
Keywords: electromagnetic radiation. radio base station. near
field.
I. INTRODUCTION
The development of telecommunications technology, along
with the incessant quest for modernity, practicality and
especially mobility, is providing an accelerated growth in the
use of mobile phones. Even those who are reluctant to buy
those equipments are surrounded by radio base stations, which
may be installed on the ground next to their homes or even on
top of their apartment buildings. The antennae of the radio base
stations transmit and receive electromagnetic waves
(electromagnetic radiation) that allow communication between
mobile phones. The interaction with these telephone systems is
inevitable and affects everyone, making no distinctions,
therefore, together with the great convenience this technology
provides, the population is also subject to possible adverse
effects that electromagnetic radiation may cause.
The radio base stations antennae produce a kind of
electromagnetic radiation classified as non-ionizing, once they
operate on frequencies that do not have enough energy to break
chemical bonds, meaning they cannot change atoms and
therefore are not capable of releasing ions, unlike ionizing
radiation (X rays, gamma, etc.). The mechanism of interaction
of non-ionizing radiation with biological systems can be
grouped into two types: thermal effects and non-thermal
effects, depending on whether they are attributable to
dissipation of heat (thermal), or the direct interaction of
electromagnetic waves with the substance of the tissue, without
significant component of heat. The most apparent biological
effect in the frequencies used by mobile phones is the thermal
type.[1]. According to exposition they can be classified in two
types: occupational (or controlled) which is considered for
adults, aware of the risk and exposed for a fixed period of time,
and not controlled (or the general population), which includes
all types of people of all ages not aware of the risks and
subjected to radiation up to 24 hours a day.[2]
Each day this issue gains more notoriety in the media,
creating much controversy and a growing concern of society
and of both public and private organs. Many articles are being
published and a large number of searches are being conducted
around the world in order to uncover the real effects of such
radiation in humans. The results are still very controversial and
unclear, and most do not present convincing evidence on
possible adverse effects on both the exposure of the general
population and occupational exposure, especially when it
comes to non-thermal effects of such radiation.
Worldwide, regulatory agencies and government bodies
are imposing limits on exposure and providing technical safety
criteria for installation of the antennae of radio base stations of
mobile telephones. However, the concerns focus on the
population in general. Most studies consider this type of
exposure and use simpler calculations by dealing with lager
electromagnetic fields, while for occupational exposure in
near-field condition, there is a rather more complex
mathematical formalism to determine the intensity of radiation
in small distances between the receiver (person) and the
transmitting source (antenna). There aren't many studies that
emphasize the aspect of exposure to near field, related to
professionals (people) who spend the day (or several hours) in
the stations, in other words, in small distances of the sources
that generate electromagnetic radiation.
It is intended in this article to present a study of the
electromagnetic radiation emitted by radio base stations of
mobile telephony, in near-field situation. Calculations of
electromagnetic fields were made, considering real antennae
information, and the conditions of exposure in different lengths
in near-field situations were analyzed, comparing the values
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