J.A. Carrasco-Ochoa et al. (Eds.): MCPR 2010, LNCS 6256, pp. 210–219, 2010
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010
On-line Signature Verification Based on Modified
Dynamic Time Warping and Wavelet Sub-band Coding
Juan Carlos Sánchez-Diaz
1
, Juan Manuel Ramírez-Cortes
1
,
Rogerio Enriquez-Caldera
1
, and Pilar Gomez-Gil
2
1
Department of Electronics; National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics.
Luis Enrique Erro No. 1 Tonantzintla, Puebla. 72840. Mexico
2
Department of Computer Science, National Institute of Astrophysics,
Optics and Electronics. Luis Enrique Erro No. 1 Tonantzintla, Puebla. 72840. Mexico
karnaught@hotmail.com, jmram@inaoep.mx, rogerio@inaoep.mx,
pgomez@inaoep.mx
Abstract. This paper presents an on-line signature biometric system based on a
modified Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm applied to the signature
wavelet coefficients. The modification on DTW relies on the use of direct
matching points information (DMP) to dynamically adapt the similarity meas-
ure during the matching process, which is shown to increase the verification
success rate. The wavelet analysis is done using a sub-band coding algorithm at
global and local level. The use of wavelet coefficients showed a considerable
reduction in processing time and an improvement in the equal error recognition
rate (EER). The system was tested using a locally constructed database. A com-
parison of the ROC curves obtained in each case is presented.
Keywords: Signature, online, verification, dynamic time warping, wavelet.
1 Introduction
Automatic personal identification and verification based on biometrics has received
extensive attention in past years. Biometric identification refers to identifying an indi-
vidual based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. It associates/disassociates
an individual with a previously determined identity based on how one is or what one
does. Identification can be in the form of verification, which entails authenticating a
claimed identity, or recognition, which entails determining the identity of a given per-
son from a database of persons known to the system [1].
A biometric system aims to provide automatic recognition of an individual based
on features or characteristics unique to each human being. Biometric systems are
based on several modalities, such as iris, face, ear shape, hand-shape, fingerprints,
palm prints [2-5], or dynamical features like gait, on-line signature verification [6-7],
or combination of them [8]. Requirements, strengths, and weaknesses of each modali-
ty have been widely reported in the literature.
Among the different existing forms of biometrics, signature-based verification has
the advantage that signature analysis requires no invasive measurements and it is