IFAC PapersOnLine 51-23 (2018) 100–105
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Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.12.018
© 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. INTRODUCTION
Recently the consensus approach has been widely applied
for solving various practical problems such as cooper-
ative control of multivehicle networks Granichin et al.
(2012); Ren et al. (2007), distributed control of robotic
networks Bullo et al. (2009), flocking problem Yu et al.
(2010a); Vir´ agh et al. (2014), optimal control of sensor
networks Kar and Moura (2010) and others. A possible
way to utilize consensus approach in the task of load
balancing in computer, production, transport, logistics,
and other service networks is to formulate the problem of
load balancing as the consensus achievement among nodes’
loads across the network Amelina et al. (2015a). An inter-
esting application is adaptation of airplane’s “feathers” in
a turbulence flow Granichin et al. (2017). In works Ren and
Beard (2007); Chebotarev and Agaev (2009); Li and Zhang
(2009); Yu et al. (2010b); Huang (2012); Proskurnikov
(2013); Lewis et al. (2014); Olfati-Saber and Murray
(2004) the authors considered the conditions for achieving
consensus in multi-agent network systems.
Achieveing an optimal performance for the problem of task
redistribution in a stochastic network with randomized
priorities by choosing an optimal step-size for consensus-
type protocol was considered in Amelina et al. (2015b).
⋆
Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects 16-01-00759 and
18-013-00646\18)
The paper proposed a way of choosing step-size for max-
imizing convergence precision in the network system with
noised information exchange and switching topology. In
case of unknown of changing in time parameters it is im-
portant to adjust the value of step-size of control protocol
to achieve or keep a high level of system performance.
In Amelina et al. (2016) the stochastic approximation
type algorithm for consensus protocol step-size choice was
suggested. In Granichin and Amelina (2015) simultaneous
perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) is applied
for the problem of tracking under influence of disturbances.
SPSA type methods allow effective optimization problems
solving when it is difficult or impossible to obtain a gradi-
ent of the objective function with respect to the parame-
ters being optimized Spall (1992); Granichin (1992).
In the networks processing tasks with several priority
levels to equalize agents’ loads different priority levels
should be treated separately. In order to balance the
load across the network system via consensus protocol
the consensus should be targeted for each class separately
since the consensus values of agents’ loads could differ
for separate priority levels. This calls for differentiated
consensuses problem setting i.e. achieving the consensus
for each priority level in the network with tasks of different
priorities Amelina et al. (2014a,b).
In this paper we give the stochastic approximation
type algorithm for local voting protocol step-size choice
Keywords: Consensus achievement, Mult-Agent Systems, Stochastic Approximation
Abstract: A multi-agent network system of different computing nodes processing tasks of
different priority levels is considered. Agents exchange information about their states in presence
of noise in communication channels in the system with switching topology. Load balancing
problem in the network for each priority level is formulated as differentiated consensuses
achievement problem and solved via local voting protocol. The stochastic approximation type
algorithm is used to adjust step-size of proposed protocol for each priority level. Simulation
example demonstrating step-size adjustment is provided.
*
Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics, Saint Petersburg State
University 198504, Universitetskii pr. 28, St. Petersburg, Russia,
Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 199178, Bolshoy pr. 61, V.O., St. Petersburg, Russia
(e-mail: natalia amelina@mail.ru, oleg granichin@mail.ru,
ivanskiy.yuriy@gmail.com).
**
Herzen State Pedagogical University, 191186, Moika Emb. 48,
St.Petersburg, Russia)
***
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491,
Trondheim, Norway (e-mail: jiang@item.ntnu.no)
Natalia Amelina
*
Oleg Granichin
*
Olga Granichina
**
Yury Ivanskiy
*
Yuming Jiang
***
Adjustment of Consensus Protocol
Step-Size in a Network System with
Different Task Priorities via SPSA-like
Algorithm under the Cost Constraints
⋆