Acta Orientalia 2008: 69, 231-301.
Printed in Norway- all rights reserved
Copyright © 2008
ACTA ORIENTALIA
ISSN 0001-6438
A Comparative Analysis of Shina and Kashmiri Vocabularies
Abstract
Ruth Laila Schmidt and Vijay Kumar Kaul
Oslo and Dehra Dun
This paper presents lists of core vocabulary in ten dialects of Shina
and Kashmiri, discussing in detail the lexical and phonological data
contained in the Shina lists, with special attention to language contact
phenomena. A few salient Shina grammatical features, from ancillary
data, also point to contact with surrounding languages: the agent case
markers, subject-verb concord, and suffix-noun concord in the
possessive case.
A table of selected cognates presents a capsule overview of the
lexical variation encountered in this project. It shows that Shina and
Kashmiri do not share a large number of cognates even in a selective
list, and that the phonological development of cognates has been
strikingly different.
Loanwords are an important clue to influence from surrounding
languages on Shina. Lists of loanwords show that while all Shina
dialects have been in contact with Burushaski to a greater or lesser
extent, there are also varying degrees of influence from especially
Kashmiri, Persian (earlier the official language of the Kashmir state)
and Tibetan.
The geographical sources of contact phenomena are examined to
see if they correspond to Radloffs (1992) "geographical centers of
Shina".