Applications of Fourier Transform Infrared and X-ray techniques to
analyze nickel ferrite nanoparticles produced
PORTO, Paulo Sergio da Silva
2,a
, PROVETI, José Rafael C.
1,b
,
Muniz, E. P.
1,c
, Pereira, R. D.
1
, Araujo, D. R.
3
1
Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo, DCN, Rod. Br 101, km 60, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540, Brasil
2
Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo, DECOM, Rod. Br 101, km 60, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540,
Brasil
3
Univ. Federal do Espírito Santo, Rod. Br 101, km 60, São Mateus, ES, 29932-540, Brasil
a
pauloporto@ceunes.ufes.br ,
b
jose.rafael.proveti@pq.cnpq.br
c
eduardomuniz@ceunes.ufes.br
Keywords: nanoparticles, sol-gel method, infrared.
Abstract. Various methods have been reported to obtain nanosized ferrite particles such as
chemical coprecipitation, sol-gel, spray-drying, microwave plasma, sonochemical, hydrothermal
synthesis, reverse micelle technique and mechano synthesis. In this work Nickel Ferrite
nanoparticles are produced using coconut water or pectin extracted from apple peel (using sulfuric
or chloridric acid) as precursor for the proteic sol-gel (PSG) method. The samples are prepared by
drying and subsequent isothermal treatment of the sol gel at 873 or 1173 K during 2 hours. The
resultant materials were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIRS) and
discussed with emphasis in the purity of the samples produced.
Introduction
Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) is one of the most important spinel ferrites as well as a typical spin soft-
magnetic ferrite. It has an inverse spinel structure showing ferrimagnetism that originates from the
resultant magnetic moment due to the anti-parallel spins of Fe3+ ions at tetrahedral sites and Ni2+
ions at octahedral sites [1], Fig.1. The magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 exhibit a strong dependence
on the crystallite size. NiFe2O4 samples exhibit ferrimagnetism, superparamagnetism, or
paramagnetism depending on their microstructure [2, 3]. Ferrimagnetism is associated with
polycrystalline samples with a grain size of 15 nm or more and superparamagnetism with samples
of smaller grain size (10 nm). Paramagnetism is found in noncrystalline samples whose detailed
structure may be either in the form of a crystalline anion lattice with disorder among the cation sites
or more probably in the form of a totally disordered state
Fig. 1 – Schematic representation of nickel ferrite structure.
Due to the dependence of the properties of NiFe
2
O
4
on grain size and structure it is necessary to
develop effective methods that allow the control of these variables [4].
Materials Science Forum Vols. 727-728 (2012) pp 884-887
Online available since 2012/Aug/24 at www.scientific.net
© (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.727-728.884
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