Research Article Energy Considerations for Tracking in DC to DC Power Converters G. Obregón-Pulido , 1 G. Sol-s-Perales , 1 J. A. Meda-Campaña , 2 G. A. Vega-Gómez, 1 and E. Ruiz-Velázquez 1 1 Electronic Department, University of Guadalajara, Av. Revoluci´ on #1500, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 2 ESIME Zacatenco del Instituto Polit´ ecnico Nacional, Ciudad de M´ exico, Mexico Correspondence should be addressed to G. Sol´ ıs-Perales; gualberto.solis@cucei.udg.mx Received 1 September 2018; Revised 6 November 2018; Accepted 16 December 2018; Published 6 February 2019 Academic Editor: Jean Jacques Loiseau Copyright © 2019 G. Obreg´ on-Pulido et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A design of an adaptive controller applied to the boost and buck-boost converters to deal with the problem of tracking a sinusoidal voltage is proposed. Te main contribution is to provide conditions on the design procedure in order to obtain a reduction in the DC voltage (ofset of the sinusoidal signal) of the reference signal; in this way the AC energy is maximized. A nonlinear stable system is designed in order to produce the necessary inputs to exactly track the inductor reference current, which is a necessary condition to achieve the tracking behavior of the voltage reference signal ()=+ sin(). A numerical example is provided to corroborate the result. 1. Introduction With the advances in the power semiconductor technology, the use and control of switched converters and systems are exponentially increasing due to their potential applications [1–4]. Te switched converters have been widely analysed; these converters can increase or decrease the magnitude of the DC voltage or invert its polarity in the load. Te boost and buck-boost converters are highly applied in power systems, such as power factor correction [5, 6], in wind power turbines [7, 8]. In general for renewable energy systems [9], moreover, a double loop control of buck-boost converter has been reported, where the control loop is designed for wide range of resistance and reference voltage; however, the output reference voltage is constant [10]. In recent years some works which deal with the track- ing problem in power converters have been reported; for instance, in [11, 12] the tracking problem of a sinusoidal reference signal in DC-DC converters is studied and the reported algorithm is locally stable and is based on sliding mode control and the Galerkin method, which can be viewed as a generalization of the harmonic balance method. Te sliding mode control has been used to compensate disturbances on the output voltage in DC-DC converters [13]. In [14] an adaptive control topology is used in order to obtain sinusoidal tracking for the inductor current; such procedure design does not guarantee a small DC energy. Authors in [15] present an algebraic approach based on online identifcation of uncertain parameters which are used to solve the tracking problem in an arrangement of power converters. However, the DC voltage level is not considered as a parameter design. In [16] a sliding mode scheme was reported to perform a DC to AC conversion, and the parameters of the output voltage are chosen such that certain conditions are satisfed. Tere is a common issue in the previous reported results; that is, the DC voltage level is a parameter of the output voltage signal. Nevertheless, this voltage represents energy consumption since on this voltage the sinusoidal signal is mounted; therefore it is desirable to reduce this value in order to obtain the same sinusoidal signal but with a reduced DC voltage level and thus reduce the energy consumption. Taking into account these published results we improve the procedure reported in [17] in order to reduce the DC level in the reference signal, which represents a reduction in the consumption of DC energy. A basic problem in the controller design consists in fnding the zero dynamics of the system; Hindawi Mathematical Problems in Engineering Volume 2019, Article ID 1098243, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1098243