mediated in part by immune alterations [3,4] . Psoriatic plaques are histologically described by typical patterns of abnormal epidermal hyperplasia and differentiation [4] . Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is the most pivotal infammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Importantly, this biologic marker has been shown to induce anti-apoptotic proteins in psoriatic lesions [5, 6] . It has been documented that expression of adhesion molecules increased in psoriasis and it allows the leukocytes infiltration into the lesions. Notably, chronic lesions of psoriasis vulgaris contain prominent neutrophil accumulations [7] . In the other words, the appearance of mononuclear leucocytes in the papillary dermis and neutrophils in the stratum corneum are defning features of psoriasis pathophysiology [8] . It has been found that increased production of nitric oxide (NO) might play a part in the development of psoriasis [9] . Interestingly, nitric oxide production is ~10-fold higher in nonlesional skin of psoriatics and ~10- fold higher again in the plaques themselves [7] . Herbal remedies have been used effectively in skin disorders for thousands of years in Europe and Asia [10] . Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a drought resistant and long-lived plant. It is a nontraditional crop [11] native to the semiarid regions of Southern Arizona, Southern California, and Northwestern Mexico [12] (Figure1 [13] ). The jojoba plant produces esters of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids [14] . This is in contrast to the triglycerides found in seeds of other plants [15] . Jojoba oil, a liquid unsaturated wax composed of esters of long carbon chain fatty acids (C20 to C22) and long carbon chains unsaturated alcohols (C20, C22 ) [9] . Jojoba oil is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, dietetic food, animal feeding, lubrication, polishing and bio-diesel felds [16] . Wax esters are neutral lipids which composed mainly of aliphatic alcohols and acids, with both moieties usually long- chain (C (16) and C (18)) or very-long-chain (C(20) and longer) carbon structures [17] . Jojoba liquid waxes (JLW) have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Habashi et al. demonstrated the effectiveness of jojoba liquid wax in combating infammation in several experimental animal models [18] . Notably, they reported that JLW is capable to diminish neutrophil infiltration, as indicated by decreasing myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and also decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production [18] . In short, given the inhibitory properties of jojoba extract on TNF-α, REVIEW The Potential Anti-Psoriatic Effects of Jojoba Extract Nader Pazyar, Reza Yaghoobi 14 J. of Dermatological Res. 2016 March 1(1): 14-15 ISSN 2413-8223 Online Submissions: http://www.ghrnet.org/index./jdr/ doi:10.17554/j.issn.2413-8223.2016.01.6 Journal of Dermatological Research Nader Pazyar, Department of Dermatopathology, Ahvaz Jundisha- pur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Reza Yaghoobi, Department of Dermatopathology, Ahvaz Jundis- hapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Correspondence to: Nader Pazyar, Department of Dermatopa- thology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Email: dr.pazyar@gmail.com Telephone: +00989188617133 Received: January 6, 2016 Revised: February 12, 2016 Accepted: February 17, 2016 Published online: April 23, 2016 ABSTRACT Psoriasis is a chronic, infammatory skin disease affecting 2-3% of the worldwide population. This disease has been recognized to be mediated by immune alterations. Jojoba liquid waxes possess anti- infammatory properties. Accordingly, they are capable to diminish neutrophil infltration, as indicated by decreasing myeloperoxidase activity, and also decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production. It is proposed that jojoba extract may be a useful addition to anti-psoriatic weaponry. Key words: Jojoba; Jojoba Liquid Waxes; Psoriasis © 2016 The Authors. Published by ACT Publishing Group Ltd Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R. The Potential Anti-Psoriatic Effects of Jojoba Extract. Journal of Dermatological Research 2016; 1(1): 14-15 Available from: URL: http://www.ghrnet.org/index.php/jdr/article/ view/1560 REVIEW Psoriasis is a chronic, cutaneous-articular disease affecting 2-3% of the worldwide population [1,2] . This inflammatory disease is usually involves extensor surfaces and scalp and is now recognized to be