50 International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems, 4(3), 50-72, July-September 2012
Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
Keywords: Agent Based Modeling, Detail, Expectancy Theory, Information Foraging, Knowledge Spillover,
ODD Protocol, Open Source Science, Science of Science
1. INTRODUCTION
Knowledge spillovers are studied widely in
literature and linked to innovation measures
and outputs (Jaffe, 2008; Feldman & Audretsch,
1996). Spillovers are defined as the migration
of knowledge beyond the domain borders (Fal-
lah & Ibrahim, 2004). In our study, spillovers
are not only expressed in terms of knowledge
transfer but also mobility of scientists. Hence,
spillovers result in formation of new domains as
a consequence of knowledge and skill transfer.
A research question of interest is to examine
the connection between individual rationality
and aggregate efficiency. Axtell and Epstein
(2006) discuss empirical data, which demon-
strate that all individuals should not necessarily
be rational to produce efficiency in macro level
outcomes of a system. Given that individual
rationality is bounded, authors explore how
much rationality should exist in a system to
generate desirable macro-level patterns. In this
An Information Foraging
Model of Knowledge Creation
and Spillover Dynamics in
Open Source Science
Özgür Özmen, Auburn University, USA
Levent Yilmaz, Auburn University, USA
ABSTRACT
Motivation and problem-domain preferences of scientists can affect aggregate level emergence and growth
of problem domains in science. An agent-based model based on information foraging and expectancy theory
is introduced to examine the impact of rationality and openness on the growth and evolution of scientifc
domains. To promote reproducibility of the simulation, a standard documentation protocol is used to specify
the conceptual model. In the presented virtual socio-technical model, scientists with different preferences
search for problem domains to contribute knowledge, while considering their motivational gains. Problem
domains become mature and knowledge spills occur over time to facilitate creation of new problem domains.
Experiments are conducted to demonstrate emergence and growth of clusters of domains based on local inter-
actions and preferences of scientists. Based on fndings, potential avenues of future research are delineated.
DOI: 10.4018/jats.2012070104