Vol.9 (2019) No. 6 ISSN: 2088-5334 Manure Utilization from Cows, Goats, and Chickens as Compost, Biochar, and Poschar in Increasing the Red Chili Yield Yohanes Parlindungan Situmeang #1 , I Dewa Nyoman Sudita * , Made Suarta # # Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia E-mail: 1 ypsitumeang63@gmail.com * Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Abstract― This study aimed to determine the characteristics of biochar, compost, and poschar from livestock manure waste and its effect on the yield of red chili plants. Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nested patterns was used in this study. The treatment composition consisted of 9 types of fertilizer (cow compost, goat compost, chicken compost, beef biochar, goat biochar, chicken biochar, beef poschar, goat poschar, and chicken poschar), and 3 levels of fertilizer doses (5, 10, and 15-ton ha -1 ) and one control treatment. The results showed that the type of fertilizer treatment did not significantly influence all observed variables, except the maximum plant height and fresh weight of shoot had a very significant effect. While the dose of fertilizer did not have a significant effect on most of the variables observed except for the height of the chili plant, the weight of the fresh stem and leaves, and the weight of the fresh chili harvested. In various types of fertilizer treatments, the maximum plant height obtained in chicken biochar (111.53 cm), which shows a slight difference when it was compared with the lowest plant height of 99.58 cm in biochar goat. The treatment of compost, biochar, and poschar sourced from 15 tons ha -1 chicken manure achieved the highest yields of fresh weight of chili harvested respectively 266.06 g, 270.95 g, and 280.05 g which were significantly increased 39.16%, 41.72%, and 46.48% compared with control (without treatments). Keywords― biochar; compost; chili; livestock manure; poschar. I. INTRODUCTION Red chili is one of the economically valuable horticultural plants that contains protein, carbohydrates, fats, phosphorus, calcium, iron, vitamins, capsaicin, flavonoids and essential oils. The average production of red chili is 3.5 tons ha -1 . This figure is still very low when compared to its potential production of 20 tons ha -1 [1]. The main obstacle in the red chili farming is the declining soil fertility due to intensive land use without the effort to return the organic material. The reduced soil fertility has caused the soil to become nutrient-poor and crop yields have declined to a point where the land can no longer be used for agriculture. Therefore, efforts to restore soil fertility with organic matter are critical in the farming of red chili. As a wet tropical country, Indonesia has an abundant source of organic material but has not been optimally utilized by farmers. One alternative to restore land fertility while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers is to utilize organic material derived from cow, goat, and chicken manure. This livestock manure with simple technology can be processed into compost, biochar, and poschar (the combination of compost and biochar). Compost can improve soil fertility and agricultural output, reduce environmental pollution, land degradation, restoring land quality, and sustainable land productivity. Compost from cow, goat and chicken manure is a type of hot fertilizer which is decomposed by soil microorganisms run quickly so that the release of nutrients contained in the fertilizer can be quickly utilized for plant growth and development [2]. Biochar is a stable soil conditioner. It can last a long time in the soil, so it is good for improving soil fertility, soil quality, and soil health. Biochar from cow dung can be done only through the incomplete combustion process of manure. Biochar will be stable in soil, weather, very porous, high in carbon, and has high adsorption properties. Biochar improves soil quality by converting agricultural waste into strong soil enhancers that store carbon and make the soil more fertile [3]. Biochar treatment on agricultural land can increase P, K content, microbial activity, and soil quality [4], [5] and can help reduce leaching of nitrogen into groundwater and reduce fertilizer costs [6], [7]. The best response to maize growth was achieved in the use of a biochar dose of 10 tons ha-1 and a compost dose of 20 tons ha-1 [8]. The use of chicken manure by 14 tons ha-1 can increase the fresh weight of red chili stover plants [9]. The application of biochar processing of 15 tons ha-1 and 2088